读者的选择(英语阅读)复习考试大纲

1 2008-2009 学年度上期 英语阅读复习考试大纲 一、课程概述 适用班级：英语 ZB42601 适用教材：读者的选择 （2001 年第 4版） （美）桑德拉西尔伯斯坦，巴巴拉K多布森，马 克A克拉克 编著 世界图书出版公司 Readers Choice”一书是供以英语为第二语言或外语的学生提高英文的学生提高英文阅读能力的一 部专用教材。全书由十四个单元组成。前十二个单元中的奇数讨论一般的阅读扗，偶数单元则从单句 和段落上升到大篇章阅读，帮助学生从宏观上运用奇数单元中所掌握的阅读技巧，着重训练学生在阅 读过程中的逻辑推理，从行文语调了解作者的态度和倾向，在语境中捕捉文字的深层内涵和情趣。 课程内容与考核目标: 本教科书是在如下理论指导下写成的：有效的阅读能力需要多种技巧的协调配合，但更重要的是 读者从这些技巧中恰当地选择最能解决具体阅读问题的具体技巧和策略。书中的练习题和阅读材料会 帮助学生成为独立的有效的读者。每一篇精心选取的阅读材料都伴有变化多样的练习，其中包括利用 当篇课文对其从读到写全过程的关键问题的综合归纳，活学活用。专门介绍阅读技巧的单元同把技巧 集中于相应阅读材料中的单元交替出现，使学生不感枯燥。 (1)突出的文化性 如今的学生不得不面对各种形式纷呈和图文结合的表现形式。 本书也博采众长以 图文并茂的形式推介新的阅读技巧和策略，使学生获得更多信息。 (2)网络运用 现今的学生吸取信息资源的手段没有比上因特网更厉害的了。为此，本书专设两个网 络资料运用单元，同时也在另一些阅读单元中插入网络信息。 (3)新的阅读文章 不断变化的世界和社会生活使我们增加和更新了相当多的文章，以表达不同主 题，如基因工程，以及新的科幻短文等。在全书 29 篇阅读文选中有 16 篇是全新的。 (4)新增词汇 新读物带来了新词汇，新术语按主题与相关系列的阅读文章联系在一起，专业术语都 以其不同词类形式介绍和放入练习中，同时强调其具体含义和泛义，以及不同场合下如何正确理解。 本书以提高语言表达为基础的阅读实践。学生通过精彩的阅读文章掌握社会文化知识，着力于学 习阅读技能，同时通过相关阅读材料引出口语、听力及写作上的问题，齐头并进地全面提高学生的英 语能力；同时,学生必须围绕单元主题学习所安排的相关活动，以及通过课文和单元任务继续钻研和思 考. 二、考试说明 本课程闭卷考试，满分 100 分，考试时间 90 分钟。试题题型及答题要求如下： 一、词干和词缀(每小题 1 分,共 5 分) 答题要求：这是对单词的考查。 二、单词 (每小题 1 分，共 11 分) 三、找段落大意(每小题 6 分，共 30 分) 四、快速阅读(每小题 2 分，共 14 分) 五、阅读理解(每小题 2 分,共 40 分) 答题要求：仔细阅读,理解题目要求。在答题纸上按要求填写答案。 三、复习内容 1. The stems and affixes: Unit 1, Unit 3, Unit 5, Unit 7,Unit 9 2 2. How to guess the meaning of new words? 3. The main idea of the paragraph 4. How to improve the reading speed? 5. Reading Comprehension 读者的选择复习题 适用班级：英语 ZB42601 . . . . ForForForForeacheacheacheach item,item,item,item, selectselectselectselect thethethethe bestbestbestbest definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinition ofofofof thethethethe italicizeditalicizeditalicizeditalicized word.word.word.word. ( ( ( (6 6 6 6 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 1 1 1 1 forforforforeacheacheacheach) ) ) ) 1.The reviewer criticized the poetsamorphous style. A. unimaginativeB. unusual C. stiff, too orderedD. lacking in organization an form 2.Dan says he is an atheist. A. one who believes in one god B. one who believes there is no god C. one who believes in many gods D. one who is not sure if there is a god 3.The police officer used a megaphone. A. a portable radio B. a long stick C. an instrument to make onesvoice louder D. a telephone in the car 4.Janet is interested in autographs of famous people A. picturesB. personalitiesC. familiesD.signatures 5.An asterisk is a written symbol that looks like_ A. /B. *C.%D. 6.The government is financing a study of the effects onhumans of livinginamegalopolis. A. anapartmentina large buildingB. anextremely large city C. a dangerous pert of a cityD. a city with a larger police force . . . . FollowingFollowingFollowingFollowing is is is is a a a a listlistlistlist ofofofof wordswordswordswords containingcontainingcontainingcontaining somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe stemsstemsstemsstems andandandand affixes.affixes.affixes.affixes. DefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitions ofofofof thesethesethesethese wordswordswordswords appearappearappearappear onononon thethethethe right.right.right.right. PutPutPutPut thethethethe letterletterletterletter ofofofof thethethethe appropriateappropriateappropriateappropriate definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinition nextnextnextnext totototo eacheacheacheach word.word.word.word. (12(12(12(12 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 1 1 1 1 forforforforeach)each)each)each) 7_psychologist 8_philanthropist 9_sophisticated 10_biochemist 11_biology 12_antibiotic A. worldly-wise ; knowing; finely experienced B. a substance capable of killing microorganisms C. the science of life or living matter 3 D. one who studies the chemistry of living things E. one who shows love for humanity by doing good works for society F.one who studies mental processes and behavior 13_multicolor 14_asteroid 15_periscope 16_astronomer 17_unilateral 18_bilateral A. starlike; shaped like a star B. affecting two sides or parties C. having many colors D. pertaining to, involving, or affecting only one side E. a scientific observer of the planets, stars, and the outer space F.anoptical instrument that allows a submarine to observe the surface from below the water .Please.Please.Please.Please writewritewritewrite downdowndowndown thethethethe mainmainmainmain ideaideaideaidea ofofofof eacheacheacheach paragraph.paragraph.paragraph.paragraph. (30(30(30(30 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 6 6 6 6 forforforforeach)each)each)each) Paragraph 1 If you are having trouble with your math instructor, do not use this problem as an excuse of not doing wellinthe class.If you cannot understand your instructor, ask the teacher to slow down his or her pace and review the textbooks concepts before the teacher presents theminclass.If you cannot follow the teachers notes, work with other studentsinyour class or refer to the math texts study guide to make sense of your notes.If your math teacher will not make time to answer your questions, go to the Math Lab, ask another teacher, or get help from anA student. 19.Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 2 A number of recent books with titles like Raising Cain, Real Boys, and Lost Boys all focus on the same issue: Todaysteenaged boys are feeling more anxiety than ever before about their physical appearance. Bombarded by advertising featuring well-muscled, semi-clad young men, teenage boys are experiencing what teenage girls have been coping with for years. They are afraid that they cannot possibly live up to the mediasidealized image of their gender. Young boys below the averageinheight, weight, or both suffer the most. Often, they are brutally teased by their brawnier peers. Some react to the ridicule by heading for the gym and lifting weights. Yeteven those who successfully “bulk up” dontlike feeling that they are considered worthless if they lose their hard-won muscle tone. Others, convinced that no amount of body building can help, often withdraw from social contact with their peers. This is their way of avoiding taunts about their size or shape. Still, they are understandably angry at being badly treated because of their body type. Although school psychologists generally recognize that boys today are having 4 severe body image problems, they are at a loss about what to do to solve those problems. 20. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 3 In1997, the U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission reported that skateboarding injuries were up by 33 percent. Mountain climbing injuries were also up by 20 percent. Similarly, snowboarding injuries showed an increase of thirty-one percent. By all accounts, many Americans are having a love affair with risky sports; as a result, they are injuring themselvesin ever greater numbers. One reason for the growing participationinrisky, or extreme, sports has been put forth by Dan Cady, a professor of popular culture at California State University. According to Cady, previous generations didntneed to seek out risk.Itwas all around themin the form of disease epidemics, economic instability, and global wars. At one time, just managing to stay alive was risky, but that feeling has all but disappeared, at least for members of the privileged classes.Toa degree Cadystheory is confirmedinthe words of adventure racer Joy Marr. Marr says that risk has been “minimized”ineveryday life, forcing people to seek out challengesinorder to prove themselves. (Source: Karl TaroGreenfield. “Life onthe Edge.” Time. September 6, 1999, p.29). 21. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 4 Inseveral states across the nation, there has been successful drive to end “social promotion.”In other words, children who do not achieve the required score on a standardized test will no longer be promoted to the next grade. Instead, they will have to repeat the grade they have finished.Yet despite the calls for ending social promotion-many of them from politicians looking for a crowd-pleasing issue-there is little evidence that making children repeat a grade has a positive effect. If anything, research suggests that forcing children to repeat a grade hurts rather than helps their academic performance.In1989, University of Georgia Professor Thomas Holms surveyed sixty-three studies that compared the performance of kids who had repeated a grade withthose who had received a social promotion. Holms found that most of the children who had repeated a grade had a poorer record of academic performance than the children who had been promoted despite poor test scores. A similar study of New York City childreninthe 1980s revealed that the children who repeated a grade were more likely to drop out upon reaching high school. The call to end social promotion may have a nice ring toitinpolitical speeches.Yetthere is little indication thatitdoes students any real good. 22. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 5 5 During World War I, a number of severe shortages alerted the worldsscientists to the need for synthetic, or man-made materials. Thus by 1934, a research team headed by Wallace H.Carothers had developed the first synthetic fiber, called nylon. Asitturned out, the development of nylon had a surprisingly profound effect on world affairs. True, itsfirst use wasinfashion, andin1939, the Dupont company began marketing sheer nylon hose for women. Nylons were a spectacular hit and sold off the shelves almost immediately. But they disappeared with the coming of World War II, as nylon became essential to the war effort.Itwas usedineverything from parachutes and ropes, to insulation and coat linings. Sadly Carothers never witnessed the impact of his creation. He committed suicide two years before the first pair of nylons ever went on sale. 23.Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ . . . . FastFastFastFast readingreadingreadingreading ( ( ( (12121212 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 2 2 2 2 forforforforeach)each)each)each) (A) Today is the date of that afternooninApril a year ago when I first saw the strange and attractive doll（玩具娃娃）inthe window of Abe Sheftels toy shop onThirdAvenue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads. Dr Samuel Amory. I remember just howitwas that day: the first sign of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft - coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighbourhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftels, I was made once more known of the poor collection of toysinthe dusty window, and I remembered the coming birthday of a small niece of mineinCleveland, to whom I wasinthe habit of sending small gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything suitable, and looked at the collection of unattractive objects-a red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed envelopes, and advertisements for soft - drinks.And thusitwas that my eyes finally came to rest upon the doll stored awayinone corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, due to the shadows and the film of dust through which I waslooking, but I was sure that a deep impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed. 24. What made animpression on the author? A. The dolls unusual face.B.The collection of toys. C.A stranger he met at the store. D.The beauty and size of the doll. 25. Why does the author mention his niece? A. She likes dolls.B. The doll looks like her. C. She lives near Sheftels. D. He was looking for a gift for her. 26. Why did the writer go past Sheftels? A. He was on his way to school.B. He was looking for a present for his niece. C. He wanted to buy some envelopes. D. None of the above is right. （B） 6 Insome ways, the United States has made some progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they didinthe Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same nightinPeshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club firein Kentuckyin1977,ithas been four decades since more than 100 Americans diedina fire. But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death ratesinthe world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology,but the indifference(无所 谓) of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough. American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires.Itspends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire -safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who dieinlarge numbersinfires but who, against popular beliefs, start very few of them. Experts say the error is an opinion that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not soinother countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime(罪行). Japan has many wood houses; of the 48 fires inworld history that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Punishment for causing a big fire can be as severe as life imprisonment. Inthe United States, most education dollars are spentinelementary schools. But, the lessons are aimed at too limited a number of people; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches. The United States continues to depend more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectorsin85 percent of all homes. Some local building laws now require home sprinklers (喷水装置).New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped. 27. The reason why so manyAmericans dieinfires is that _. A. they took no interestinnew technology B. they did not pay great attention to preventing fires C. they showed indifference to fighting fires D. they did not spend enough money on fire equipment 28.Itcanbe inferred from the passage that_. A. fire safety lessons should not be aimed only atAmerican children B.American children have not received enough education of fire safety lessons C. Japanis better equipped with fire equipment than the United States D.Americas large population leads to more fires 29. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. There has been no great fireinthe USAinrecent 40 years that leads to high death rate. B.There have been several great firesinthe USAinrecent 40 years that lead to high death rate. C.There has been only one great fireinthe USAinrecent 40 years that led to high death rate. D.The fireinKentuckyin1977 made only a few people killed. .reading.reading.reading.reading comprehensioncomprehensioncomprehensioncomprehension (40(40(40(40 inininin all,all,all,all, 2 2 2 2 forforforforeach)each)each)each) PassageOne 7 Arectalstudy,publishedinlastweeksJournaloftheAmericanMedical Association,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfroma teenagedriver,Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengers isthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdriving alone,Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59 decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger. Theautboesalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreased dramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,Withpassengersin thecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident. RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighway SafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershave lesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdriving experience.“Thebasicissue.”Besays,“isthatadultswhoareresponsible forissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledatask drivingis.” Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate ( 使 缓 解 )theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduated licensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.A graduatedlicenserequiresthataleenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableof drivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwith nightofpasscagerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges. Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedleenagedrivercrashes,according torecentstudies,Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortof graduatedHcensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshave restrictionsonpassengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice(新手)driver prohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofan adultover25)forthefirstsixmonths. 30.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothe passage? A)Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m. B)Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar. C)Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight. D)Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight. 31.AccordingtoRobertFoss.Thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversis mainlydueto_ A)theirfrequentdrivingatnight B)theirimproperwayofdriving C)theirlackofdrivingexperience D)theirdrivingwithpassengers 32.AccordingtoParagraph3.whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE? A)Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive. 8 B)Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn. C)Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedriving lessons. D)Thelicensingauthontiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagersdriving accidents. 33.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenager