2014高考英语总复习 语法专题复习：第二讲 数词和主谓一致

第二讲数词和主谓一致,语法专题复习,一、主谓一致考点透析谓语受主语支配，需在人称和数上与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：1语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。,(1)Theboyiscleverenoughtolearnmathematicswell.(2)Allthestudentsarelisteningtotheirteacherattentively.(3)Collectingstampsgivesmepleasureandbettersmyunderstandingoftheworldaswell.(4)Whatyoudoisdifferentfromwhatyousay.,2意义一致：有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the形容词”充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。例如：(1)Fivepoundisquiteenoughforyoutobuyaradioorawalkman，somethinglikethat.(2)Hisfamilywasgoingtohavealongjourney，butonthedaywhentheyweresupposedtosetoff，somefamilywereill，sotheyhadtocanceltheplan.,3就近一致：谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。当notonly.butalso.，or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not.but.，whether.or.等连词连接两个主语，以及在therebe句型、倒装句中，一般适用就近一致原则。例如：(1)HedidntsaywhethersomeEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionarywaswanted.(2)Notonlyyoubutalsoheistoblame.,温馨提示：1anumberof名词复数动词复数形式；thenumberof名词单/复数动词单数形式。2.alotof，lotsof，plentyof，therestof，twothirdsof，fiftypercentof等短语后接名词作主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数；后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。,3oneandahalf名词复数动词复数。4manya名词单数动词单数。5every名词单数andevery名词单数动词单数。Everyboyandeverygirlintheareawasinvited.,强化训练一,(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1Apoetandartist_(come)tospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.2Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_(show)thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_(be)goodforoneshealth.,is,iscoming,shows,3Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_(encourage)toworkonlineathome.4Allthepreparationsforthetask_(complete),andwearereadytostart.5Asaresultofdestroyingtheforest,alargequantityofdesert_(cover)theland.6Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_(need)repairing.,need,areencouraged,havebeencompleted,hascovered,7Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads_(keep)risingthesedays.8Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_(wear)eveningdress.9Didyougototheshowlastnight?Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_(invite)10Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.,is,keeps,wears,wasinvited,11Everypossiblemeans_(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.12Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_(be)awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.13ItoldhimwhatIwassurprisedat_(be)hisattitudetowardshisstudy.14Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.15MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_(be)alsotrueoftheJohnsons.,is,hasbeenused,hasbeen,was,hascaused,(二)语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Everypoliceman1._givenspecialtrainingforthejob.Notwodays2._thesame.Eachday3._different.Butthejob4._asexcitingorglamorousassomepeoplethink.Notallpolicemen5._allowedtocarryguns.Anumberofpoliceofficershere6._(work)withdogs.Anofficerandhis,work,is,are,is,isnt,are,dog7._(have)toworkcloselytogether.Oneofourjobs8._topreventcrimehappeninginthefirstplace.Alotofcrimes9._causedbypeoplebeingcareless.Sorry，Ihavetogonow.Someonehave10._reportedarobbery.,just,have,is,are,二、数词考点透析1hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确切的数目时，不能加s，如：twohundredstudents。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加s，并与of连用，如：hundredsofteachers，thousandsoffarmers，millionsofstars。2scoresof与dozensof都表示概数，意为“数十，许多”，ascoreeggs(二十个鸡蛋)、adozeneggs(十二个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说ascoreofeggs，不能说adozenofeggs。,3年代的表示法有两种。20世纪80年代可写成inthe1980s或inthe1980s。4“基数词名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。例如：athreemonthbaby，an800wordcomposition。5序数词前如有the，表顺序，如：theSecondWorldWar，thefirstquestion;如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再，又”。例如：Ivefailedsixtimes，butIdecidedtohaveaseventhtry.,6常见的含数词的短语：intwosandthrees三三两两oneortwodays没几天；一两天firstofall首先secondtonone首屈一指，不亚于任何人onebyone一个一个地tentoone十之八九oneinten十分之一fiftyfifty对半,强化训练一,根据中文完成句子1我身高1米71，体重75公斤。Im_andIweigh_.2百分之四十四的学生认为应当收取费用。_thinkthatfeesshouldbecharged.3我很高兴收到你6月7日的来信。Iwasverygladtoreceiveyourletter_.,dated/ofJune7,71meterstall,75kilograms,Fortyfourpercentofthestudents,4这个故事发生在2012年2月8日早上7点15分。Thestoryhappened_onthemorningof_.5沿着这800米的街道有300多家商店。Alongthis_street,thereare_.6这套房子有25平方米，有一间卧室、一间浴室和一个厨房。Itis_，withabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.,at7：15,800meterlong,February8th,2012,morethan300shops,25squaremeters,7如图2所示，他们只有10%的业余时间用在体育活动上。Asisshownon_，only_isspentonsportsactivities.8上周，我们对2600名学生就“谁是你的偶像”做了一个调查。Lastweek,wedidasurveyamong_on“Whoisyouridol”,2,600students,Chart2,10%oftheirsparetime,9图书馆开放时间是周一到周五从早上9点到晚上7点，周末不开门。Thelibraryisopen_fromMondaytoFridayandclosedonweekends.10这个活动将持续23天，从6月1日至23日。Theactivitywilllast_，from_.11你可以搭17或59路巴士，地铁2号线在那也有一个站。Youmaytake_and_hasastoptheretoo.,subwayline2,from9a.m.to7p.m.,abouttendays,June1stto23rd,busesNo.17or59,12前门大街是一个著名的大街，有600多年的历史。QianmenStreetisafamousstreetwithahistoryof_.13昨天气温下降到了摄氏零下8度。Yesterdaythetemperaturedroppedto_.14澳大利亚人AllanStewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年他获硕士学位，是世界上获得硕士学位年龄最大的人。,8belowzero,morethan600years,Born_，AllanStewart,anAustralian,beco