2015届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第一篇 第二章 语法填空 第二节 专题三 词类转换课件

,第二章语法填空第二节有提示词的解题技巧专题三词类转换,一、基础知识,1常用的否定前缀或后缀有un，dis，im，in，il，ir，less等，通过加否定前缀或后缀可改变词义，变成其反义词。如necessaryunnecessary，legalillegal，politeimpolite，homehomeless等。2常见的名词后缀有tion，ence，ism，ist，ment，ship，ty，ure，al等。如inventinvention，pleasepleasure，arrivearrival等。,3常见的形容词后缀有able，al，ern，ful，ical，ish，less，ive，ous，y等。如conditionconditional，reasonreasonable，harmharmful等。4常见的副词后缀有ly，ward(s)等。如luckyluckily，backbackward等。5常见的动词后缀有en，fy，ize，ise等。如widewiden，shortshorten，purepurify等。,6注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化：(1)以le结尾的形容词，变le为ly：possiblepossibly，terribleterribly，comfortablecomfortably，gentlegently，simplesimply。(2)以y结尾的形容词，变y为ily：easyeasily，angryangrily，noisynoisily，happyhappily，heavyheavily，healthyhealthily。(3)本身既是形容词也是副词的词，无需改变：fast，early，high，hard，late，far，wide，alone。,(4)本身即为副词，同时也可加ly变成表另一词义的副词，如：wide(尽可能，充分)widely(广泛地)，high(高地)highly(高度地)，hard(努力地，困难地)hardly(几乎不)。(5)容易拼错的词：excitedly，truly，healthily，politely，widely，nicely，closely。,分析空格所在句子的结构，明确空格处在句子中作何种成分，确定需要的词性，如果所给的单词的词性与需要的词性不一致，则此处需要作词类转换。技巧一、作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式例“Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity，butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid.,二、解题技巧,词类转换题。在名词前作定语要用形容词。reason的形容词形式是reasonable。,reasonable,技巧二、作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式例1Thistime，shegavemeasmilewith_(satisfy)andgratitudeinhereyes.Thewomanispoorinmateriallifebutissorespectableasaman.Iamnotonlymovedbutalsohavelearnedagoodlesson.,因在介词with后作宾语要用名词，故填satisfaction。,satisfaction,例2InChinese，“knot”meansreunion，friendliness，and_(warm)，love，etc.,与名词reunion，friendliness和love并列，一起作means的宾语，也应是名词，故填warmth。,warmth,技巧三、在“冠词(形容词)”或形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式例Onhis_(arrive)，heparkedhisbikeoutsidethebackdoorasusual.,形容词性物主代词后面应填名词，故填arrival。需要注意的是此空不能填arriving，填arriving后面要有地点状语或时间状语。,arrival,技巧四、修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语，用副词形式例Dudley，whichis_(probable)theheartoftheBlackCountry，hasahistorydatingbackoverl，000years，anditsfamouscastlehasbeentheresinceaboutthe8thcentury.,在系动词is后面修饰谓语部分，应该用副词形式probably。,probably,技巧五、有时根据句意需要改变所给词的意思，而不是改变词性，需要给所给的词加上前缀un，im，dis或后缀less等例Onceahabitisformed，itisdifficult，andsometimes_(possible)，togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.,和difficult并列一起作表语，因此仍要填形容词；由句子逻辑可知，应为“有时是不可能的”，故填impossible。,impossible,技巧六、当所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，需考虑形容词或副词级别的变化。另外，要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than.的隐性比较级例1Itmighthavemadeitalittle_(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround，butthatdidntstopthekidsintheclass.,hard作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以不作词类转换，可考虑比较级；句中alittle修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”。,harder,例2IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_(late)thatday.,句子结构完整，需要副词作状语，而late(迟，晚)本身可作副词，因此，不必作词类转换，可想到用其比较级形式，填later。laterthatday指“那天晚些时候”。,later,(一)用所给单词的适当形式填空。1Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_(nature)course.2Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis_(care)work.3InAlaska,thewolfalmost_(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.,即学即练,natural,careless,disappeared,4TheNanjingRoadisthemost_(crowd)streetinthecityofShanghai.5Thepeopleinthevillagewere_(badly)offthantheywerefiveyearsagobecauseofwar.6_(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.7Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_(patience),crowded,worse,Unfortunately,impatient,8“Thirtyfivecents，”shesaid_(rude)9Idontknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto_(soft)theblow,butitworked.10Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_(understand)them.11Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_(entertain)field.12Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.,rudely,soften,misunderstand,entertainment,contributions,(二)阅读下列短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。ChildrenaresaidtobegiftsfromGodforparents.Therefore，mostparentsare1._(thank)forthisgreatgift；theysacrificefortheirchildrenwithoutany2._(hesitate)Myfriend，Tom，wasbornwith3._(disable)frombirthandcanonlymoveinawheelchair.Hisparentsdevotealltheirlovetohimalthoughmostoftheirfriendsand4._(connect)trytopersuadethemtogivebirthtoonemorechild，whomayatleastensuretheir,thankful,hesitation,disability,connections,5._(happy)intheirlateryears.Many6._(difficult)areinvolvedinlookingafteradisabledchild，butTomsparentsmakeeveryefforttomakesurehecanliveashappyalifeasanynormalchild.Itistheirdevotionand7._(self)lovethatmakesTomanactive，8._(confidence)boyandoneofthe9._(good)studentsatschool.Tomsstoryisoneofthemovingstoriesaboutchildre