英美概况课件---美国地理

,GeneralknowledgeofAmerica,美国概况,Contents:,BasicinformationAmericangeography,FullnameNationalflagNationalemblemNationalanthemNationaldayNationalflowerCapitalNickname,I.Basicinformation,NameoftheCountry,ThefullofficialnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica,usuallyreferredtoastheU.S.A.TheUnitedStateofAmerica,withthecapitalofWashingtonD.C.,isthebiggestcountryinNorthAmerica.,nationalflag：StarsandStripes,TheStar-SpangledBanner,madeupof13alternatingredandwhitestripesand50whitestarsonabluefieldStarsareconsideredasymboloftheheavensandthedivinegoalthestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightfromthesun,White:SignifiespurityandinnocenceRed:SignifiesvalorandbraveryBlue:SignifiesVigilance,perseverance,andjustice,StarSpangledBanner星条旗之歌,Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawnsearlylight,Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilightslastgleaming?Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfight,Oertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?啊!在晨曦初现时，你可看见是甚么让我们如此骄傲?在黎明的最后一道曙光中欢呼，是谁的旗帜在激战中始终高扬!,Andtherocketsredglare,thebombsburstinginair,Gaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthere.Osay,doesthatstar-spangledbanneryetwaveOerthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?,烈火熊熊，炮声隆隆，我们看到要塞上那面英勇的旗帜在黑夜过后依然耸立!啊!你说那星条旗是否会静止，在自由的土地上飘舞，在勇者的家园上飞扬。,Nationalemblem：Baldeagle,Motto:InGodWeTrust(official)EPluribusUnum(traditional)(Latin:OutofMany,One),TheGreatSeal,Olivebranchandarrows(peaceandpower),美国的国徽是由威廉巴顿WilliamBarton和查尔斯汤姆逊CharlesThomson设计的，美国政府于1782年6月20日开始用这个国玺来鉴定重要文件。国徽的图案，正中是一只象征独立、自由精神的白头鹰，前面盾牌状的国旗，代表了1777年加入美国联邦的十三个州。白头鹰的右爪持着希望和平的橄榄枝，左爪握着决心自卫的利箭。白头鹰衔着一条用拉丁文写着“合众国”字样的彩带，国徽顶端则是透过云雾，闪闪发光的十三颗金星。,TheGreatSealshowsawide-spreadeagle,facedfront,havingonhisbreastashieldwiththirteenperpendicularredandwhitestripes,surmountedbyabluefieldwiththesamenumberofstars.Inhisrighttalontheeagleholdsanolivebranch,inhisleftabundleofthirteenarrows,andinhisbeakhecarriesascrollinscribedwiththemotto:EPluribusUnum“,meaningoutofmany,oneTheEagleappearsintheSealsofmanyofourStates,onmostofourgoldandsilvercoinage,andisusedagreatdealfordecorativepatrioticpurposes.Theeaglerepresentsfreedom.,NationalAnthem:TheStar-SpangledBanner星条旗永不落NationalDay:July4Nationalflower:roseNationalbird:baldeagleCapital:WashingtonD.C.(asamemorialtoGeorgeWashingtonandChristopherColumbus)Nickname:UncleSam,In1986,PresidentReganissuedaproclamationtodeclarethattherosebecametheofficialfloweroftheAmerica.,NationalBirdTheEagle,ThebaldeaglewaschosenonJune20,1782asthesymbolofAmerica,becauseofitslonglife,greatstrengthandmajesticlooks.Theeagle,fullofthespiritoffreedom,livingabovethevalleys,strongandpowerfulinhismight,hasbecomethenationalsymbolofU.S.A.,GeorgeWashington,ChristopherColumbus,UncleSam,UncleSam,afiguresymbolizingtheUnitedStatesportrayedasatall,white-hairedmanwithagoateeoftendressedinred,white,andblue,andwearsatophat“UncleSam”totheUnitedStatesis“JohnBull”toUK,JohnBull,UncleSam,Mexico,ThePacificOcean,TheAtlanticOcean,1.Locationandsize2.Topography(地形,地质)Majormountainsandriversthreegeographicaldivisions3.Climate4.Naturalresources5.Population6.Geograpicalregions7.Majorcities,II.AmericanGeography,1.TheUnitedStatesismadeupofDistrictofColumbiaand_states.A.48B.49C.50D.512.WhatarethenamesofthetwostatesoftheUnitedStateswhicharenoncontiguous?A.AlaskaandHawaiiB.AlaskaandOhioC.OhioandKansasD.HawaiiandKansas,48contiguousstates+2noncontiguousstates+D.C,1.LocationandSize,1.ContinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.2.The2neweststates:AlaskaandHawaiiseparatedfromcontinentalUnitedStatesAlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanada,HawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.,3.theadvantagesofthelocationoftheUSTheUShasanideallocationforitsdevelopment.-ItsAtlanticcoastfacesthedevelopedcountriesofWesternEurope,anditsPacificcoastandHawaiigivethenationanapproachtotheFarEastandAustralasia-InthepasttheAtlanticandPacificOceansservedasnaturalbarriersbetweentheUSandtherestoftheworld.ThisallowedtheUStogrowandbecomestrongwithlittleoutsideinterference.-AndtodaythedevelopmentofmeansofcommunicationandtransportationmakestheU.S.wellconnectedtotherestoftheworld.,SizeoftheUS,-alandareaof9.3millionsquarekilometers.-stretches2,575kilometersfromnorthtosouthand4,500kilometersfromeasttowest.-the4thlargestcountryintheworldinsizeafterRussia,CanadaandChina.-Alltogetherthereare50statesintheUS.-OfallthestatesAlaskaisthelargestinareaandRhodeIslandthesmallest.-onthemainlandTexasisthelargest.,2.topography:MountainsinU.S.A.,AppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亚山脉,RockyMountains落基山脉,TheAppalachianMountains-runslightlyfromthenortheasttosouthwest-old(havebeenwornoutovermillionsofyears)andlow(thehighestpeakisonlyalittleover2,000metres)-notedforvirginforestsandmines-servedasanaturalbarrierforwestwardmovementduringtheearlysettlement.,TheAppalachianMountains,thegreatmountainsystemofeasternNorthAmerica;onesixthofthenationalterritoryonthecontinent;FromprovinceofQuebecinCanadatoNorthernAlabama.,TheRockyMountains-runslightlyfromthenorthwesttosoutheast-younger(areconsideredasyoungasChinasHimalayas)andhigh(withthehigherpeakElbertofabout4,500metres)-thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinentandisknownastheContinentalDivide.-famousforlotsofnaturalnationalparks-ItisalsoknownastheContinentalDivide(大陆分水岭),becauseitseparatesthemajorriversystemsoftheUnitedStates.,RockyMountains-greatbackboneofNorthAmerica,thegreatmountainsystemofwesternNorthAmerica;5000kmsfromNewMexicotoCanada;averagealtitude:morethan3000msabovesealevel.,AppalachianMountainsVSRockyMountains,2.Topography:RiversintheUSA,TheriversinthecountryaremainlylyingbetweentheAppalachianandRockyMountains.1.TheMississippi-3,782kilometreslong-TheMississippianditstributariesdrainoneoftherichestfarmareasintheworld-Theyforma19,000-kilometresystemofwaterwaysandserveasimportantmeansoftransportation.-called“fatherofwaters”andthe“oldmanriver”,RiversinU.S.A.,MississippiRiverFatherofallWaters,2.TheMissouri-over6,000kilometresandisoneofthelongestriversintheworld-runs3,725kilometresbeforeitjoinstheMississippi3.TheOhio-about1,500kilometreslong-calledtheAmericanRuhr(aftertheRuhrRiver鲁尔河inGermany),famousforitsrichvaluabledeposits-Theareaiswellknownforitssteelindustry4.OnthePacificsidethereare2greatrivers:theColoradointhesouth,andtheColumbiarisesinCanada.5.TheHudson,“fatherofwaters”,ThemostimportantandlongestriverintheU.S.TheMissouriandtheOhioaretwoofitslargesttributaries.,TheGreatLakes,NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布,ThefiveGreatLakes,LakeMichiganLakeSuperiorLakeErieLakeHuronLakeOntario-theworldslargestGroupoffreshwaterlakes-TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUSexceptLakeMichigan,Theyare:,LakeSuperior苏必利尔湖：thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.LakeMichigan密歇根湖：theonlyoneentirelyintheUSLakeHuron休伦湖LakeErie伊利湖LakeOntario安大略湖,2.Topography:ThreeGeographicDivisions,TheEasternPart,TheeasternpartthehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山脉).,onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel,TheWesternPart,Highplateaus(高原)andmountainsextendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.OnethirdofthecountrysterritoryRockymountains,TheGreatCentralPlain,BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest.,halfofAmericaslandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls,TheGreatCentralPlain,TheGreatCentralPlainisbetween_and_,occupyingabout1/2ofAmericaslandmassonthecontinent.Keys:RockyMountainsTheAppalachianMountainsOnesecond,3.Climate,Thenorthernstatesarethecoldest;Thesouthernstatesaresunbelt;TemperatestatesareinthePacificNorthwest.,ClimateintheUnitedStates,Maritimeclimate,Continentaldesertclimate,Continentalsteppe(西伯利亚草原）climate,Humidcontinentalclimate,Sub-tropicalclimate,Sub-arcticclimate,Tropicalclimate,Climate,MainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical.50centimeterrainfalllineintheeastcomparativelymorerain,soeasyagriculture;inthewestmuchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.,4.NaturalResources,richinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritorycoveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorthrichinoiloncethelargestoilproducingcountry.oilreservealongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico,Texas,Louisiana,andOklahoma,5.population,“MeltingPot”AmongtheCaucasians,themostinfluentialpeopleareWASP:thewhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants.Aborigines:theIndians80%-90%ofimmigrantsarefromAsiaandHispaniccountries.HispanicgroupsmainlycamefromMexico,PuertoRico,andCuba.,Nationofimmigration,LanguageSpokenatHome(U.S.Census),6.GeographicalRegions,NewEngland,MiddleAtlanticstates,TheAmericanSouth,TheMid-West,TheAmericanWest,ThePacificCoast,NewStates,NewEngland新英格兰,Maine缅因州NewHampshire新罕布什尔州Vermont佛蒙特州Massachusetts马塞诸塞州(麻省)RhodeIsland罗得岛Connecticut康涅狄格州,MiddleAtlanticStates,WestVirginia西弗吉尼亚州NewJersey新泽西州NewYork纽约州Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州Maryland马里兰州Delaware特拉华州,TheMid-WestStates,Wisconsin威斯康星州SouthDakota南达科他州NorthDakota北达科他州Ohio俄亥俄州Illinois伊利诺伊州Indiana印第安纳州Iowa艾奥瓦(衣阿华)州Kansas堪萨斯州Missouri密苏里州Minnesota明尼苏达州Michigan密歇根(密执安)州Nebraska内布拉斯加州,TheAmericanSouth,Virginia弗吉尼亚州NorthCarolina北卡罗来州Oklahoma俄克拉何马州SouthCarolina南卡罗来州Tennessee田纳西州Texas得克萨斯州Alabama亚拉巴马州Arkansas阿肯色州Florida佛罗里达州Georgia佐治亚州Kansas堪萨斯州Louisiana路易斯安那州Mississippi密西西比州,TheAmericanWest,Wyoming怀俄明州NewMexico新墨西哥州Arizona亚利桑那州Idaho爱达荷州Montana蒙大拿州Nevada内华达州Colorado科罗拉多州Utah犹他州,ThePacificCoast,Washington华盛顿州Oregon俄勒冈州California加利福尼亚州,TheNewStates,Alaska阿拉斯加州Hawaii夏威夷,TheTopList:exercise,Thelargeststate:Thesmalleststate:Themostpopulousstate:Theleastpopulousstate:Thelargestcities:？,7.Majorcities,1.WashingtonD.C.2.NewYorkCity(inNewYork)3.LosAngeles(InCalifornia)4.Chicago(inIllinois)5.Houston(inTexas)6.Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)7.Detroit(inMichigan)8.SanFrancisco(inCalifornia)9.Boston(inMassachusetts),1.IntheUnitedStates,_,whichisacityofTexas,isnicknamed“theSpaceCity”.A.NewYorkCityB.DetroitC.PhiladelphiaD.Houston2.Harvardislocatedin_,whichisalsocalled“TheAthensofAmerica”fromtheteachingandresearchcarriedoutinover100collegesanduniversities.A.DetroitB.HoustonC.BostonD.LosAngeles3.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisNOTlocatedintheNortheastU.S.?A.HoustonB.BaltimoreC.PhiladelphiaD.Boston,WashingtonD.C.,CapitalHeadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem:Congress(CapitalHill),theSupremeCourtandthePresidencyTheWorldBankTheInternationalMonetaryFundLincolnMemorial,NewYorkCity(inNewYork),“TheBigApple”ThelargestcitybothintermofsizeandpopulationThebusinessandfinancialcapitaloftheworld.WallStreetTheNewYorkStorkExchange,LosAngeles(InCalifornia),2ndmostpopulouscityacityoffantasy,knownformotion-picture,aeronauticsandaerospaceindustries,Chicago(inIllinois),Windycity;the