2016届高考英语总复习 语法强攻 主谓一致课件

主谓一致,知识梳理,复习重点1.主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。2.分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。基础知识一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：,1.语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。3.就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。,二、主谓一致的具体应用1.名词作主语集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。有些集合名词如cattle,people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Theteamisthebestintheleague.,单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工厂）等。如：Therearetensheeponthefarm,butthereareonlyfourgoats.表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.TheTimesisBritainsoldestnationaldaily.,表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，这类名词有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Apairoftrousersisonthebed.当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.,“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。如：Theunemployedleadamiserablelife.如果主语由morethanone.或manya.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“morethan+复数名词”或“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Manyaplaywrightissatisfiedwiththeplay.Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.,2.代词作主语由代词each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：Eachbookwasinitsproperplace.关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：,Heisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.all,most,none,some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.,3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语用and或both.and.连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。如：Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.,当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.butalso.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.,4.数词作主语“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如：Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Thirdsfourthofthestudentscometoschoolontime.,5.从句及非谓语动词作主语名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.,Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.Whatwehavearequitesufficient.动词-ing形式短语或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.常见考点高考试题对主谓一致的考查重点是：名词作主语时的谓语动词形式；分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Allweneed_asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.were,C,2.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents_around$8,450ayear,which_aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are；isB.are；areC.is；areD.is；is,A,3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited4.Generally,studentsinnermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,B,A,5.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans_thelackofnaturalresources.A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere,A,巩固练习,用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.SofarDavidstheonlyoneofuswho_(go)abroad.2.SuchsingersasLiuHuan_(be)widelypopular,ofwhosesongs,however,some_(be)difficulttosing.3.Manyafamouspopstar_(perform)intheconcerttonight,soImlookingforwardtoitverymuch.,hasgone,are,are,isperforming/willperform,4.Iseveryonehere?Notyet.Look,there_(come)therestofourcolleagues!5.Thechiefeditortogetherwithhiseditors_(be)discussingthenewlawaboutnewspapersthat_(be)newlypublishedlastmonth.6.Themanageranddesigner_(be)togivesomesuggestionsforthedesignofthenewbuildinginawhile.,come,is,was,is,7.I,who_(be)yourdeskmatenow,hopewecanhelpeachotherwithourstudies.8.Whentohavethenextmeetingandwhethertoinvitethedirectorstill_(remain)amysterytous.9.