导学教程2017届高三英语二轮复习高考题型攻略篇高考题型之二阅读理解专题二阅读理解之主旨大意题课件.ppt

专题二阅读理解之主旨大意题,高考24话题之(二)：节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)近年来，人们对中国传统节日的关注度日益下降而洋节日越来越受到人们的追捧。你们班就这一现象进行了热烈的讨论，请用英语写一篇短文，要点如下：,【写作话题】,Nowadays,westernfestivalssuchasChristmasandValentinesDay_(become)moreandmorepopularinChina.Somebelievethat_(celebrate)westernfestivalsisasignofglobalization,_helpstotakeinvariousforeignculturesandimprovecrossculture_(communicate),【语法填空】,arebecoming,celebrating,which,communication,ThatweChineseshouldcelebratethesefestivalshasraisedaheateddiscussion.However,othersbelievethatthepopularofthewesternfestivalinChinaistheresultoftheforeignculturalinvade.答案That改为Whetherpopular改为名词popularity；festival改为复数形式festivals；invade改为名词形式invasion,【语法改错】,AslongasIamconcerned,weshouldvalueourtraditionalfestivals,whichhasbeenessentialpartoftheChineseculture.答案long改为far；has改为have；essential前面加an,Nowadays,westernfestivalssuchasChristmasandValentinesDayarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.WhetherweChineseshouldcelebratethesefestivalshasraisedaheateddiscussion.Somebelievethatcelebratingwesternfestivalsisasignofglobalization,whichhelpstotakeinvariousforeignculturesandimprovecrossculturecommunica-tion.Besides,somewesternfestivals,suchasMothersDayandThanksgivingDay,areinstructive.,【范文背诵】,However,othersbelievethatthepopularityofthewesternfestivalsinChinaistheresultoftheforeignculturalinvasion.Forexample,Christmashasstrongreligiouscolors.Whatsmore,youngpeoplemaylosetheirinterestinourtraditionalChinesefestivalslikeDragonboatFestival,TombsweepingDayetc.AsfarasIamconcerned,weshouldvalueourtraditionalfestivals,whichhavebeenanessentialpartoftheChineseculture.Meanwhile,wecanhaveatasteofthewesternfestivalsjustforfun.,根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景：我们能否回家过中秋节还是一个问题。_就我而言，五一劳动节是我最喜欢的一个节日，在此期间，我们可参观很多景点。_，MayDayisoneofmyfavouritefestivals,duringwhich,wecanvisitlotsofattractions.答案WhetherwecanreturnhomeforMidautumnDayremainsaproblem.AsfarasImconcerned,【自主空间】,A(2016新课标乙卷)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysome,限时15分钟,culturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.,ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.,Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.,Nursesandothercaregiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatientssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候，人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突，而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。,1Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?AItimpliesanger.BItpromotesfriendship.CItisculturespecific.DItiscontentbased.解析细节理解题。根据文章首段首句“Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups”可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。答案C,2Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?ATheChinese.BTheFrench.CTheMexicans.DTheRussians.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing”可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。答案A,3Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?ALetitcontinueasthepatientpleases.BBreakitwhiletreatingpatients.CEvaluateitsharmtopatients.DMakeuseofitshealingeffects.,解析细节理解题。根据末段末句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients”可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D。答案D,4Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?ASoundandSilenceBWhatItMeanstoBeSilentCSilencetoNativeAmericansDSpeechIsSilver；SilenceIsGold解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。答案B,B(2016江苏)Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.,Inthelaboratory,chimpsdontnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesntcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.,Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.,Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence.Developsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneral,cognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomtasell,thechildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests,butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.,ThecoreofwhatchildrensmindshaveandchimpsdontiswhatTomasellocallssharedintenti-onality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.,语篇解读本文是一篇科普知识文。本文从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。5Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?AChimpsseldomcareaboutothersinterests.BChimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.CChimpsliketotakeintheirneighborsfood.DChimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.,解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段后两句“Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodhimselfor.hewillpullatrandomhejustdoesntcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.”可知黑猩猩很自私，通常会把邻居的食物搞的一团糟。说明他们根本不关心其他人的利益。故A项正确。答案A,6MichaelTomasellostestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey_.AhavetheinstincttohelpothersBknowhowtoofferhelptoadultsCknowtheworldbetterthanchimpsDtrustadultswiththeirhandsfull,解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.”和第四段第一句“Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.”可知只有18个月的孩子就知道去帮助他人，而且帮助他人的做法并不是父母亲教的，属于人类的本能。故A项正确。答案A,7Thepassageismainlyabout_.AthehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenBwaystotrainchildrenssharedintentionalityCcooperationasadistinctivehumannatureDthedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren,解析主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。A、B、D都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。故C项正确。答案C,主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，考查角度通常包括：1.最佳标题；2.寻找文章话题；3.概括文章的中心思想；4.段落大意。,【设问角度】1标题归纳类主旨大意题Which(one)Whatcan/would/couldbethebest/suitabletitleforthepassage/text?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Thesuitable/bestheadline/titleofthispassagemaybe_.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis_.,2文章大意类主旨大意题Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Themainpurposeofthisarticleistoshowthat_.Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthispassage?Thepassagedealsmainlywith/isprimarilyconcernedwith/mainlydescribes_？,Themain/generalideaofthispassageis_.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson_.Thepassageismainlyabout_.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethispassage?Whatsthesubjectdiscussedinthispassage?Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?,3段落大意类主旨大意题Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat_.Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph3?WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraph1?Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?,【选项特点】1最佳选项的特点(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。例如第7题中的C项C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature概括了全文的主要内容，前两段描述了猩猩相互之间的不合作特点；第三段通过观察和试验，证明了人类从小的时候就具有合作性。故C项是最佳答案。,(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题的中心思想。例如第4题中的选B.WhatItMeanstoB