中考英语作文专题复习

.中考英语专题复习：书面表达的考点讲解和训练 2014-6-2【考点扫描】 书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2、看图作文；3、根据汉语提示作文。 无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【名师解难】一. 训练方法1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。 二. 应试策略1. 审题目：要切中题意。中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。4）注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：1）表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or 2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however 3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that 4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result 5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that 6）表示列举的：for example , such as 7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking (6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。6.改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：1）格式是否有错。2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。5）标点错误。6）人称是否用错。三. 注意事项书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。【中考范例】VII. 书面表达假如你叫张强。请根据下面美国朋友Bob的来信内容，结合你自己的情况写一篇语言连惯、符合逻辑的英文回信。要求：1. 认真阅读来信的内容，从中获得你需要的信息。2. 词数：80左右。回信的开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。注意：回信中不得出现你的真实地址和所在学校的名称。Dear friend,Hello！Im your new friend. My name is Bob. Im fifteen. Im American. I live in New York.I am a middle school student. Im good at maths. It is very interesting. My favourite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together.After school, I am interested in getting on-line. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now Im learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.Please write to me and tell me something about your life. Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,BobDear Bob,_ Yours, Zhang Qiang【解析】根据前面提到第六个步骤，我们来写一下这篇书面表达。1.审题目：通过审题目我们可以知道：本篇书面表达应是写一封回信，写信人是张强，收信人是Bob，信的内容应是介绍张强自己的情况。2. 圈要点：根据来信判断，写回信必须包括以下要点：1、收到对方的来信；2、愿意和对方交朋友；3、自己的姓名、年龄和住址；4、自己的身份、特长和爱好； 5、自己的希望。3、列提纲：1. got your letter 2. glad to be your friend 3. name, zhang Qiang, fifteen, live in Shaanxi 4. a middle school student, like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5. hope well meet in China 4、定基调：1. 时态：收到来信用一般过去时，介绍情况用一般现在时，希望用一般将来时。2. 人称用第一人称。3.可按提纲的顺序来写。4. 开头和结尾题目已经给出。5、写全文：Dear Bob, I got your letter yesterday. Im very glad to be your pen friend. My name is Zhang Qiang. Im fifteen years old, too. I live in Shaanxi. Im a middle school student, too. I like English and physics very much. I also like sports, but Im good at drawing. I know a little about America. Could you tell me something more about your country in your next letter?I hope well meet in China some day. Im sure well have a good time together.Please write (to) me soon.Yours,Zhang Qiang6、改病句：认真复查一边，如有错误，加以改正。书面表达【解题指导】中考书面表达主要考查学生初步的书面表达能力，要求学生能根据所给提示，用英语写一篇语言正确、内容完整、语句连贯的短文。情景一般贴近学生的学习和生活；提供情景的形式包括文字、图画、图表、提纲等。对于英语写作，同学们要注意：1. 认真阅读提示，彻底理顺思路。 做中考书面表达题时要认真阅读提示，不仅要弄清试题提供的所有信息，还要考虑用哪种体裁。是记叙文、说明文、议论文？还是应用文？如果是应用文，还要考虑是书信、日记、通知、启事，还是便条等。然后还要考虑用哪一种人称和时态。这样就会思路明确，写出来的短文才能条理清晰。21cnjy2. 紧扣要点，合理遣词造句。根据试题内容，列出要表达的要点，找出能体现要点的词、短语和句型。如果是应用文体，还应特别注意各种应用文的格式。造句时应做到尽量使用考纲中要求的词汇，句子宜短不宜长，句型宜简不宜繁，同时也要适当用一些宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句等复合句，以增强短文的逻辑性。21世纪教育网21*cnjy*com3. 精心谋篇润色，仔细核对检查。文章写好之后，还应注意句与句之间以及段与段之间的过渡。在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、时间等的过渡词或短语，如表示转折的词有：but, yet, however；表示因果的词有：so, since, because；表示并列的词或短语有：and, either.or., neither.nor., as well as, not only.but (also).; 表示时间的词有：next, then, later, at last。适当使用这些词或短语能使文章更加自然、流畅。检查也是不可缺少的重要环节，可以起到及时纠正错误的作用，避免不必要的失分。具体做法是：通读全文，看行文是否通顺，要点是否齐全，词数是否符合要求，体裁是否恰当，单词拼写、大小写、标点符号是否正确等。 图 表 作 文 写作任务1王老师想了解同学们中考后打算做些什么，于是他做了一份问卷调查。右面是三位同学的假期计划，请根据表格中的信息，介绍你们三个人在假期中的打算。关于你的计划需要补充完整，内容可适当拓展。词数：80-100。【来源：21世纪教育网】Name What to do Where Why Han Lindo sthmeaningful neighbourhoodhelp othersWang Fang do houseworkhomemake parents less tiredI _21cnjycom写作任务2如今网上购物已经成为一种非常流行的消费方式，但是人们在网上通常会买些什么东西呢？请同学们参考下面的图片，以Shopping online为题写一篇100词左右的英语作文。Shopping online 写作任务3Simon分别测量了一天中六个不同时间点的温度，制成统计表。假如你是Simon, 请你根据所给图表写一篇80词左右的短文，简要说明图表的内容。21世纪教育网版权所有 参考答案：写作任务1One possible version: For the coming summer vacation, different students have different plans, and ours are all interesting and Han Lin is going to do something meaningful for the neighbourhood because he is really fond of helping others. Wang Fang will do housework at home to make her parents less tired. I am going to help protect the environment by planting trees around our city. Moreover, I will tell more people to care for the In short, although we have different kinds of plans, we all want to try our best to do something meaningful.写作任务2One possible version: Shopping onlineNowadays shopping online is becoming more and more popular. People can buy whatever they want on the Internet. We can know from the picture that 30% of the people spend their money on clothes and shoes. The number is the biggest of all. 8% of them like buying movie tickets online. The number of people who buy food and books is almost the same. 15% buy books and 16% buy food. And its also a good way for people to buy electrical products online, because they can receive their products at home. 18% of people choose this way. Therere also 13% of the people buying other things online.写作任务3One possible version: I measured some temperatures on October 10th. At four in the morning, the temperature was 5. Then it rose gradually. At eight in the morning, it reached 10. At noon, the temperature rose to 14. It was the highest temperature of the day. Later, the temperature began to drop. At 4 pm, it dropped to 11. At 8:00 pm, the temperature fell to 7. At midnight, the temperature was only 3. It was the lowest temperature of the day. 2-1泰安市2014年中考英语书面表达预测一一、时事新闻、国家政策、家乡变化：（一）马航MH370飞往北京的马航MH370飞机于2014年3月8日凌晨与地面失去联系，世界各国参与搜寻，但仍下落不明，飞机上的大部分乘客（passengers）是中国人，全国人民都很担心，全世界的人们都很关注。对于马航的下落，世人对此有着各种不同的猜测，请将下面的几种推测整理成文，并阐述自己的观点，请以Where has the flight gone ?为题写一篇词数为80100的文章，开头已给出。以下所有信息都要包含在文章里面。(1) 很多人说MH370一定坠入了大海，机上无人生还；(2) 但也有人说MH370可能坠毁在沙漠（desert）无人区,可能还有人活着；(3) 甚至有人说MH370被外星人袭击（attack）,飞机上的人被带到了另一个星球，所有的人都还活着。（一）One Possible Version:The flight from Malaysia to Beijing lost information and disappeared at about 2 oclock March 8th2014.People all over China are worried about it. People around the world care about it. Where has the flight gone? Different people have different ideas about the question. Many people said MH370 must fall into the sea and all of the passengers had died. However, some people said MH370 might land in a dessert where there isnt a person but some passengers might be alive. Some people even said MH370 might be attacked by the aliens and all of the passengers had been taken to another planet and they are all alive now. I think something strange has happened to MH370. I hope that all of the passengers are still alive. And I hope that all of them will come back home some day. Where has the flight gone? Do you know?(二) 禁烟据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计，每年有200万人死于吸烟，60万人死于二手烟。为此，我国规定，从今年5月1 日起，严禁在公共场所吸烟。请你结合图片和下面所给要点，以“Saying No to Smoking”为题，谈谈吸烟的危害。1. 吸烟有害;2. 吸烟导致咳嗽、肺癌等疾病;3. 吸烟影响青少年成长;4. 二手烟同样有害;5. 你的态度：面对别人吸烟、给烟怎么办?注意：1. 词数：80词左右;标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数;2. 应覆盖所有要点;可适当增加细节，使行文连贯;3. 参考词汇：lung cancer肺癌; secondhand smoke二手烟。（二）One Possible Version:Saying No to SmokingAccording to the WHO，2 million people died from smoking and 600 thousand from secondhand smoke every year. So smoking is banned in China in all public places both inside and out from May 1 on.As is shown in the picture, smoking is bad for peoples health. It may cause many diseases such as cough, lung cancer and so on. Smoking is especially harmful to us teenagers because our bodies are still growing. Secondhand smoke does harm to us as well. So we must do something to keep away from smoking. If someone offers a cigarette, we should refuse it. And if anyone smokes nearby, we should try to stop it. From now on, every of us should follow the law and say no to smoking.（三）建议书从2006年起，我国政府(government)让所有儿童都有机会免费入学，但很多乡村的儿童学习条件还很艰苦。假设你叫Sam,请给你们学校的学生会(Student union )写一封信，提一些建议。要求语方通顺，建议合理，80词左右。(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;卷面整洁，书写工整)内容包括：1阅读短文后，谈谈你的感想;2建议学生会组织同学们为当地一所乡村小学筹款，增添图书和教学设备;3希望乡村的孩子们能受到很好的教育，长大后为乡村服务。（三）One Possible Version:Dear Student union，I have just read an article on “Hope Project” in an English newspaper. A girl named Xiao Juan was so poor that she couldnt go to school. Hope Project made her wish of study come true. But do you know there are many thousands of children who can not go to school. I think Student union organize the students and raise money for a primary school in the local village, and give away some books and Teaching equipments.I hope the children there can get better education, and work for the village when they grow up. Best wishes!Yours truly Sam（四）教育现行的教育政策明确规定教师不准体罚学生；而最近“狼爸”- 萧天佑的教育名言是“三天一顿打，孩子进北大”。你怎样认为这两种教育方式，你希望你的父母和老师怎样教育你，就此谈谈你的看法。要求: 1. 不出现个人及学校名称。2. 词数80左右。（四）One Possible Version:The first one tells us teachers should care more about their childrens self-esteem (自尊). The teachers dont want to push the students too hard for fear of hurting their feelings. They encourage their students to find their own path.The second one “wolf father” tells us parents should be strict with the children. Being strict is the only way to develop a childs potential (潜能)and to make them strong, independent and successful. I hope that my parents and teachers should be the first one. In this way, I can enjoy myself and develop my potential. I am a very quiet girl. I like this way.二、环境保护（一）抵挡雾霾，低碳生活现在中国的许多地方都在遭受雾霾天气，美国的许多地方也在遭受暴雨等自然灾害。在生态环境受到挑战的今天，发展低碳经济、倡导低碳生活、建设低碳城市正在成为国际上普遍认同的经济社会发展模式。假如你是李红，你的美国朋友Chris给你发邮件来，向你询问你校正在开展的低碳生活活动情况。请写回信。主题为行动改变世界。尽量少坐公车，步行，骑单车；使用电子贺卡；使用双面纸；节约水，电.注意：1. 开头和结尾部分已写好。2. 所写内容必须包括提示中的信息。可适当增加谈论话题时经常用到的话语，所写内容连贯。3. 词数：70个左右。（一）One Possible Version:Dear Chris, As you said in the e-mail that my school is launching the low carbon living activity now. And I am taking an active part in it. The theme of the activity is changing the world by actions. It suggests us go to school on foot or by bike instead of by bus and car. Besides, we should use e-greeting cards rather than the attritional cards. As to save the paper , it asks us to use both sides of every piece of paper. Of course, we should save water and electricity at the same time.Therefore, how do you think of the activity? I am looking forward to hearing from you again.Yours.（二）保护环境6月5日 ( June 5) 是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重.。如何保护我们的环境? 请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ” 为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题：1. 水污染越来越严重;2. 砍伐森林严重;3. 大气污染严重;4. 白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境?至少：3-4个方面，写一篇80字左右的文章。 （二）One Possible Version:How to protect/save our environment/world?The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted; we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and lessetc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it but also has a great affection in the future. Peoples health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, we need protect our world. We shouldnt throw away rubbish everywhere. We want to recycle, reduce, reuse things. Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We dont use plastic bags. We must plant more trees and stop the people cutting them.We hope our world becomes more and more beautiful。三、交通安全越来越多汽车进入我们的家庭生活，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如塞车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？请写一篇有关交通安全的短文(80字左右)内容包含：1遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。2别在街道上或马路上玩耍和踢球。3可以适当增加内容，让短文通顺，过渡自然。4参考词汇：sidewalk 人行道 zebra-crossing 斑马线注：第一段已给出，不计入总数One Possible Version:With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it has greatly improved our life. But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents。Traffic safety is everybodys business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on walk side, when we cross zebra crossing, stop and look right and left, then go across fast. Dont play football on the road .we can tell our parents not to drink before they drive, not to run through red lights, not to talk and laugh while driving etc。We can say cars are coming into our life, but only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybodys business can we be safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks.四、学生生活（一）幸福幸福是什么?幸福是父母为你营造的温馨的家，幸福是老师望向你的赞许的目光，幸福是孤独时朋友送来的一杯奶茶，幸福是 请以My happiness为话题，写一件曾经发生过的令你感到幸福的事情。要求：条理清晰，语言流畅，用词准确， 字迹工整，80-100词。（一）One Possible Version:Happiness is important in our life. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it.I will never forget one thing. Once, I had a bad mark at a math test. I was shy and afraid to meet my parents. But when I got back home late, my parents knew what happened, they said to me: “It doesnt matter, my child. Remember well be always beside you when you need help. We believe you can be better next time. Never give up!” I was moved and made up my mind to work harder and harder.(二)健康 健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢？请根据下面的信息提示，写一篇短文，首句已给出。信息提示：健康饮食；早睡早起，不熬夜；参加运动，强身健体。要求：根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。（二）One Possible Version:I think healthy habits are very important for us.All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies. Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we dont feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once. （三）感恩对父母心存感恩，因为他们给予我生命，让我健康成长;对老师心存感恩，因为他们给了我教诲，让我抛却愚昧;对朋友心存感恩，因为他们给了我友爱;对社会心存感恩，因为社会给了我智慧和力量。自从国家实施义务教育以来，书本免费，食宿免费，而且还有贫困助学金等。面对这些，我们应该心存感恩，感谢祖国对我们的厚望和期盼。让我们永远记住：感谢父母、感谢老师、感谢朋友、感谢全社会!请以“感恩”为话题写一篇80100字的作文。（三）One Possible Version:What should we thank?The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight, air, water and everything in keeping with us existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for. The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life! The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, and put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us. The thankful classmate and friend grow up with us and let us no longer stand alone in the itinerary（旅程），of life. The t