考试重点短语、句型及语法复习 外研版

期中考试复习,现在完成时；反意疑问句；过去进行时；提建议句型结构及重点短语,现在完成时小结,现在完成时（一）,现在完成时,构成,用法,常用状语,Have + 动词过去分词Has +动词过去分词,1.表示以前曾经做过/发生的事情对现在有影响。2. 表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情。,ever, never, just, already, yet , before, recently, once, twice , so far etc.,现在完成时的句子结构:,一般疑问句及回答: -Have/Has+主语+过去分词 ? -Yes,主语+have/has. -No,主语+havent/hasnt.,Note：,肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词,否定句: 主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词,Note：,通常情况下，动词的过去分词与过去式形式相同:,play played played visit visited visited,2. live lived lived invite invited invited,3. try tried tried study studied studied,4. travel travelled travelled stop stopped stopped,过去分词的构成,但也有一些不规则的变化，需要同学们记住,1. have/has been to去过某地 (已经回来)2. have/has gone to去了某地 (还没回来)注意：句中有ever, never, once(一次),twice(两次), three times(三次) 等时间状语时, 用 have been to,两个重要句型：,e.g.: Ive been to the Great Wall three times.My mother has gone to Japan.(Now, she isnt at home.),现在完成时（二）,现在完成时,构成,用法,常用状语,have + 动词过去分词has +动词过去分词,表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,for+一段时间since + 过去时间点since+一段时间agosince+从句（一般过去时）,现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for a week, since ten years ago等。 有些动词代表一个短暂的动作，因而它在现在完成时肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，他们有：begin, start, come, go, buy, sell, die, open, close, join, borrow等。但他们在否定句中可以连用(My parents havent seen me for two years.)。Tom has come for two hours.()Tom has been here for two hours.() 由于come是个非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这就要用be来表示连续状态。,Grammar,注意啦！,如：close - open - die - finish, end - get up - leave - begin、start - go out - fall asleep - return -,be closed be openbe dead be overbe up be away be on be out be asleep be back,become - buy - borrow - join the army - join the Party - catch a cold - make friends -,be have keep be in the army (be a soldier ) be in the Party (be a Party member) have a cold be friends,将非延续性动词(短暂性动词/点动词/终止性动词) 转换为延续性动词的表达法：,Complete the sentences.,1、托尼走了半个小时了。Tony _ for half an hour.2、这台电脑我买了五年了。I _ the computer for 5 years.3、他借这些书两个星期了。He _ these books for two weeks.4、她的狗死了几个月了。Her dog _ for several months.,has been away,have had,has kept,has been dead,5、这会议已经开始十分钟了。The meeting _ for 10 minutes.6、这辆火车是半个小时前到的。The train _ since half an hour ago.7、你参军多长时间了？How long _ you _ the army?8、自从他们来到中国，他们就成为了朋友。They_ friends since they came to China.,has been on,has been here,have been in,have been,1、标志词不同：现在完成时： ever, never, just, already, yet , before, recently, once, twice , so far, for, since一般过去时：yesterday, last week, just now, a moment ago,2、在没有明确的时间状语时，判断该用现在完成时还是一般过去时的标准是：看该行为是否对现在有影响。 I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（与现在的结果有关） I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。(只表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系),e.g. When did he come? ( ) When has he come? ( ),3、现在完成时不可以与when连用，而一般过去时可以。,现在完成时 VS 一般过去时,选择最佳答案He _ the Great Wall last year. A. has visit B. visited 2. I _ English for three years. A. learned B. have learned 3. Henry _ TV last night. A. watched B. has watched4. She _ there a few minutes ago. A. has got B. got5. We _ the film yet. A. didnt see B. havent seen 6. Bill _ in Nanhai in 2003. A. lived B. has lived,Grammar:,反意疑问句：1.当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。例：,1.You like classical music, dont you?2.He lived in Vienna, too, didnt he?3.Your parents can swim, cant they?4.Tony doesnt like classical music, does he?5.This music isnt very popular, is it?,2.反意疑问句构成：助动词/系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）？注意：1).前面的陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式；（前肯，后否；前否，后肯）2). 反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词；3). 反意疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句的谓语动词保持一致；,例：They have never visited his home, have they?,3. 陈述句部分如果有表否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定形式；,4.在回答反意疑问句时，要注意英汉两种语言习惯的差别。1).He isnt American , is he? 他不是美国人，对吗？ Oh yes, he is. 不对，他是美国人。2).You didnt come to the meeting,did you? 你没来开会，是吗？ No, I didnt. 是，我没来。,You have no class tomorrow, do you?He was hardly twelve then, was he?,小窍门：在英语中，无论问题怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句,就要用Yes; 只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用No. 而汉语中的“是” 或“不是”、“对”或“不对”，是针对问题的问法而言的。,5. 注意语调：询问问题(asking a real question)用升调，核对信息(checking information)用降调。,1. Youve heard of him, _?2. He was German, _?3. You like western classical music, _?4.We can practise after school, _?5. So she doesnt like pop music, _?6. They have never been to any concert,_?,havent you,wasnt he,dont you,cant we,does she,have they,Complete the sentences.,Past Continuous Tense 过去进行时态,表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。,2.构成:,主语+was/were +doing,否定句:,主语+wasnt/werent +doing,一般疑问句:,Was/Were+主语+doing?,3.标志词：,this time yesterday，at 9 pm last night, at 6 am yesterday, at 4 oclock last Friday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句,1.意义:,肯定句:,答语：,Yes, 主+was/were. No, 主+wasnt/werent.,特殊疑问句:,特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,e.g.: When the teacher came in, we were talking.,1. 他们那时在打排球。They _ _ volleyball at that time.2. 当你回来时，他在看电视吗？_ he _ TV when you came back?3. 昨天六点他在哪里等你？_ _ he _ for you at six oclock yesterday?4. 当我离开时，他正在做家庭作业。He _ _ his homework when I left.5. 正当他们扫地的时候，老师进来了。While they _ _ the floor, the teacher came in.,were playing,Was watching,Where was waiting,was doing,were sweeping,Complete the sentences.,Structures of giving advice 提建议句型结构,1.某人应该做某事2.某人不应该做某事3.你为什么不做呢？4.做某事是个好主意。5.做某事怎么样？6.试着做某事7.试着不要做某事8.记得做某事9. 不要忘记做某事,1. Sb. should do sth. 2. Sb. shouldnt do sth.3. Why dont you do sth.?=Why not do sth.?4. Its a good idea to do sth.5. How/What about doing sth.?6. Try to do sth.7. Try not to do sth.8. Remember to do sth.9. Dont forget to do sth.,Lets practice!,根据中文意思完成句子。,你应该在课堂上总是说英语。 You _ always_ English in class.2. 在笔记本上记下错误怎么样？ _ _ _ down your mistakesin your notebook?3. 为什么不分组写这些单词呢？_ _ _ write these words in groups?4. 收听英语广播节目是个好主意。_ _ _ _ _ listen to theradio in English.5. 试着多读些英文报纸。_ _ read more English newspapers.,should speak,How about writing,Why dont you,Its a good idea to,Try to,6. 不要逐词翻译_ _ _ translate every word.7. 我认为每个人都应该有一个笔友并且互相发送电子邮件。I think everyone _ _ a pen friend and _ email messages to each other.8. 记得把新单词写在你的词汇笔记本上。_ to _ new words in your vocabulary book.9. 别忘记每天查看一下你的词汇笔记本。Dont _ _ check your vocabulary notebook every day.10. 为什么不用英语写日记呢？_ _ write a diary in English?,Try not to,should have write,Remember write,forget to,Why not,重点短语句型(M1-M6),1. 在某方面帮助某人2. 开始做某事3. 完成做某事4. 给某人一些建议5. 和某人谈论某事6. 邀请某人做某事7. 把某物出示给某人看8. 数以百/千/百万/十亿计的,1. help sb. with sth.2. start to do sth.=start doing sth.3. finish doing sth.4. give sb. some advice5. talk about sth. with sb.6. invite sb. to do sth.7. show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.8.hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of,9. 与某人相处很好10. 停止做某事11. 不得不做某事12. 想要某人做某事13. 由于的帮助14. 使某人/物怎么样15. 不但而且16. 带领某人参观某地17. 在.岁的时候18. 没什么奇怪的19. 考虑做某事20. 看见/听见某人做某事,9. get on well with sb.10. stop doing sth.11. have to do sth.12. want sb. to do sth.13. with the help of14. make sb./sth. +adj.15. not onlybut also16. take sb. around+地点17. at the age of18. nothing strange19. think of/about doing sth.20. see/hear sb. do sth.,表示“花费”的四个句型,1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间2. Sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上/做某事3. Sb. pay some money for sth.某人花费多少钱在某物上4. Sth. cost (sb.) some money某物花费某人多少钱,1. 凯特花了三个小时读那本书。It _ Kate three hours _ the book.or：Kate _ three hours _ the book.2. 这本词典花了我80元。This dictionary _ 80 yuan.Or: I _ 80 yuan _ this dictionary.Or :I _ 80 yuan _ this dictionary.3. 他们不仅去过很多城市，而且还拍摄了很多精美的照片。They _ have been to many cities _ have taken lots of wonderful photos.,Lets practice!,根据中文意思完成句子。,took to read,spent reading,costs me,spend on,pay for,not only but also,4. 不仅他的父母喜