Unit 3英语词汇学 Word ation

Unit3Wordformation(II),CompanyLogo,TheMinorProcessofWord-Formation,CompanyLogo,Shortening/abbreviationBack-formationOnomatopoeia,CompanyLogo,Shortening/abbreviation（缩略法）,A.Clipping（截短词）Theprocessofclippinginvolvesthedeletionofoneormoresyllablesfromaword(usuallyanoun),whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.,CompanyLogo,Fourtypesofclipping,1.Backclippings截除词尾2.Frontclippings截除词首3.Frontandbackclippings截除首尾4.Middleclippings截除词腰,CompanyLogo,Task:,Givethefullformofthefollowingwordsandtellwhattypeofclippingwordsarethey.,CompanyLogo,adchutbikefridgememofluwigexpovangym,AdvertisementParachuteBicycleRefrigeratorMemorandumInfluenzaPeriwigExpositionCaravangymnastics,CompanyLogo,Phraseclippings:e.g.perm(permanentwave)pop(popularmusicorrecord)pub(publichouse),CompanyLogo,B.Initialism（首字母缩略词）Initialismisatypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechnicalterm,oraphrase.Anintialismispronouncedletterbyletter.e.g.BBC(BritishBroadcastingCorporation)/bi:bi:si:/VIP(averyimportantperson)/vi:aipi:/),CompanyLogo,Threetypesofinitialism,1.Thelettersrepresentfullwords.Thisismaintype.CIA(theCentralIntelligenceAgencyoftheU.S.)ISBN(InternationalStandardBookNumber.),CompanyLogo,2.Thelettersrepresentelementsinacompoundorjustpartofaword.ID(Identification(card).,CompanyLogo,3.Aletterrepresentsthecompleteformofthefirst(orthefirsttwo)word,whilethesecondword(orthethirdword)isinthefullform.H-bomb(hydrogenbomb.),CompanyLogo,C.Acronym（首字母拼音词）Acronymsarethewordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorascientificterm,etc.Acronymsdifferfrominitialismsinthattheyarepronouncedaswordsratherthansequencesofletters.,CompanyLogo,e.gNATO(theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)/neitu/UNESCO(theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.)/junesku/,CompanyLogo,D.Blending（拼缀词）Blendingisaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundsoftwowords,oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms.e.g.newscast(news+broadcast),brunch(breakfast+lunch),CompanyLogo,Task:,ExplaintheformationofthefollowingblendsandtranslatethemintoChinese.,CompanyLogo,botelSmogAdvertisticscomsatsci-fiairtelslimnasticsmedicare,boat+hotelsmoke+fogadvertising+statisticscommunication+satellitescience+fictionair+hotelslim+gymnasticsmedical+care,CompanyLogo,scientificterms:telexteleprinter+exchange用户直通电报Pulsarpulse+quasar脉冲星Skylabsky+laboratory空中实验室biorhythm:biological+rhythm生理节奏masconmass+concentration质量密集,CompanyLogo,Someblendsareespeciallyeffectiveincertaincontexts:e.gAlongtimeNixonbacker,heassumesadawkstanceontheproblem.(dawk:dove+hawk介乎鸽派和鹰派之间的中间人物）e.g.Thewholeareahavebeenturnedintoonehugeautopia.（autopia:auto+utopia轿车适宜行驶的地区）,CompanyLogo,II.Back-formation（逆生法）,Back-formationisatermusedtorefertoatypeofword-formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.e.g.typewritefromtypewritereditfromeditor,CompanyLogo,Task:,Studytheexamplesonp.85-86,CompanyLogo,III.Onomatopoeia（拟声法）,TinkleTickGiggleMurmurbubble,CompanyLogo,联觉词组：（p.91）gr-ump-ushfl-sl-Sn-,CompanyLogo,IV.Otherformation,CompanyLogo,(1)WordsFromProperNamesfromnamesofscientists,politiciansandstatesmentotrademarks,andplacenamesetc.e.g.watt,(JamesWatt)volt(AlessandroVolta)ohm(GeorgeOhm)pasteurize(LouisPasteur),CompanyLogo,china(China)champagne(Champagne,France.)xerox,xeroxerandxeroxable(fromthetrademark-Xerox.),CompanyLogo,(2)Reduplicatione.g.tick-tickzigzagyo-yo,CompanyLogo,(3)Somenewwordsarecoinedbyanalogy(类推法):earthquake-youthquakeairpollution-environmentpollutionhandbag-armbag,CompanyLogo,sunrise-earthrise地出（从月球或太空船上所见地球仿佛从月球地平线上升的现象）futureshock-cultureshocknightmare-daymare,CompanyLogo,ExercisesI.Tellmeaningofthefollowinginitialismsandacronyms.,1.ID2.VIP3.NASA4.TOFEL5.OPEC6.SALT7.NATO8.FBI,IdentityCardVeryImportantPersonNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration国家航空和宇宙航行局TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageOrganizationofPetroleumExportCountriesStrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationFederalBureauofInvestigation,CompanyLogo,II.Giveclippingsforthefollowing:1.bicycle2.gymnasium3.dormitory4.gasoline5.Kilogram6.Influenza,CompanyLogo,III.Blends:Explaintheformationandthemeaningofthefollowingblends:autocideautomobile+suicide撞车自杀altiportaltitude+airport高山短距起落机场balluteballoon+parachute减速汽球chunnelchannel+tunnel海峡隧道lunacastlunar+telecast登月电视广播,CompanyLogo,Carbecuecar+barbecue一种用火烤法处理废弃车辆的熔车装置Lunarnautlunar+astronaut登月宇宙航行员NixonomicsNixon+economics尼克松的经济政策workfarework+welfare工作福利,CompanyLogo,Helipadhelicopter+pad直升飞机升降场Medicaidmedical+aid美国的医疗补助方案Medicaremedical+care医疗照顾方案EurasianEurope+Asian欧亚混血儿Motownmotor+town汽车城,CompanyLogo,Psywarpsychological+warfare心里战AmerindAmerican+Indian美洲印第安人M