高二英语语法：宾语补足语的用法

宾语补足语,英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语,1S十V句式Herunsquickly他跑得快。2S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。3S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。4S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。5S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。,1.“宾语补足语”放在宾语后面用来补充说明宾语所表示的人或事物所发出来的动作，或者说明宾语的状态，特征，身份等。2.句子的基本结构主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,1、名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.,2、形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,3.现在分词：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.,可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,V-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的是一个正在进行的主动动作。常见的可以接V-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有两类：(1)感官动词，如：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento.(2)部分使役动词，如：have,keep,get,leave.,4.过去分词：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.,可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,V-ed形式作宾语补足语表示一个已经完成或被动的动作。能接V-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词也分为两类：感官动词和部分使役动词。（同上）,5.动词不定式：表示动作的全过程或即将发生的主动动作，常分为两种：(1)带to的不定式，常见的跟带to的不定式作宾补的动词有advise，cause，allow，ask，invite，teach，tell，want，like，askfor，order，waitfor.,(2)不带to的不定式，常见的跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词包括感官动词，如see，hear，watch，notice，feel.和使役动词，如let，make，have.（注：在被动语态中，动词不定式前要加上to）,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,Practice,单句改错,Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.-Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!-DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.,understood,to,warm,5.Dontleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tellhim_thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing,单项选择,5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart,10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.pulloutB