高二英语定语从句课件

定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名词,并放在名词之后.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用:1引导定语从句,起引导词作用.2代替被修饰词.3在从句中充当句子成分:关系代词that,which,who在从句中作主语宾语;whom作宾语;whose作定语.关系副词where,when,why在句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语.,定语从句的种类:限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限定性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事,在这样的从句中不使用逗号.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁,什么事,这样的从句使用逗号.,thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughty,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,关系代词:,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.,Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?,Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,注意：介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。,4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,theone等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被theonly,few,just,right,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,(5)当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。Theytalkeofpersonsandthings(that)theyrememberintheschool.(6)当先行词指物,在句中作表语。Thisisthebookthatyouborrowed.(7)主语前有who,whom时(8)在therebe或therelive结构中，先行词指物时ThereisabookonthedeskthatIaminterestedin.(9)在way方法后,常用that代替how,inwhich结构Thatwastheway(that)hedidit.(10)time表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。,(11)先行词前有thesame修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一个人或物时。Thisisthesamemanthat/whoItoldyou.(12)当疑问词who,which,what开头的疑问句为避免重复用that.只用which不用that的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)当关系词前有介词时Theroominwhichmyfamilylive.(3)当先行词本身为that时.Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.,当先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which的结构。但应注意的是which前介词的选择应根据先行词而定.Eg:ThedaywhenwasbornwasAug,20,1998.ThedayonwhichhewasbornwasAug,20,1998.当先行词是表示地点的名词(country,room,school)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做地点状语,一般用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which的结构.Eg:ThedeskwhereIputmybagisthis.ThedeskonwhichIputmybagisthis.,why指原因，引导定语从句HecantgivethereasonwhyhelikeswatchingTv.way后面的的定语从句有三种情况:在比较正式问题中用inwhich一般情况用thatInwhich和that都可省略oneof+复数名词中,关系代词引导的从句中的谓语动词用复数,但如果one前有only,exactly等修饰one时,谓语动词用单数。Eg:Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.Thisistheonlyoneofquestionsthathasbeenasked.,表示人的关系代词who在口语中可代替whom,但关系代词前有介词时,只能用whom，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以用。Eg:Hereisthegirlwho/whomwehavebeenlookingfor.Hereisthegirlforwhomwehavebeenlooking.关系代词as引导的定语从句A,as引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与thesame，such，so等连用，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。Eg:Suchpeoleasyoudescribedjustnowareraretoday.(as代替人，作宾语）,Heisnotthesamemanashewas.（as代替人，作表语）Letsdiscusssuchproblemsasconcerneveryoneofus.（as代替事物，做主语）B.关系代词as可引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的意思,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句末.而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。Asweallknow,Englishiseasytolearn.English,asweallknow,iseasytolearn.as有时也可作关系副词引导定语从句，