高中语法定语从句介词+关系代词_必修二

定语从句：介词+关系代词,介词+关系代词,1.用法关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引导2.结构先行词是人用“介词+whom”先行词是物用“介词+which”e.g.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,Thegirlaboutwhomwearetalkingisadoctor.,我们正在谈论的那个女孩是个医生。,他曾经上学的学校非常著名。,知识结构图：,“介词+关系代词”,先行词是,选介词,介词+whom,介词+which,人,物,介词与先行词的关系,从句里谓语动词或形容词的固定搭配,句子表达的意义,介词+关系代词,介词+关系代词:介词的选择,根据先行词来确定介词,Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam.,ThisisthevillageinwhichIstayedlastnight.,IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIworkedwithyou.,ontheday在那天,inthevillage在乡村,onthefarm在农场,介词+关系代词:介词的选择,2.根据定从中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词,HeisthepersonfromwhomIlearnalot.,TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.,ThemanwithwhomIshookhandsjustnowisateacher.,learnfromsb.向某人学习,befamousfor:因.而闻名,shakehandswithsb.与某人握手,介词+关系代词:介词的选择,3.根据主从句的句意确定介词,Air,withoutwhichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.,Thepen,withwhichheiswritingnow,wasboughtyesterday.,Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.,介词+关系代词,1.有些含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开,介词仍放在后面,如:lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareof等e.g.Thebabywhomthenurseislookingafterisveryhealthy.,注意：,Thewinterholidaythatwehavelookedforwardtoforalongtimeiscoming.,ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.,介词+关系代词,2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有不定代词(some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等),数词,百分数,或形容词最高级修饰。Shehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.,注意：,Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.,Ihavemanyfriends,thetallestofwhomisLee.,介词+关系代词,3.若先行词为时间名词,地点名词或reason,“介词+关系代词”可用相关的关系副词when,where,why替换e.g.Beijingisthecity_hehaslivedmanyyears.,注意：,Thereason_hewaslateisntclear.,Iremembertheday_Igoabroad.,inwhich=(where),onwhich=(when),forwhich=(why),介词+关系代词,4.whose引导的定语从句,关系代词whose可替换为“the+名词+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”e.g.,注意：,Iknowaboywhosefatherisadoctor.,Iliveinthehousewhoseroofisred.,=theroofofwhichisred.,=ofwhichtheroofisred.,=thefatherofwhomisadoctor.,=ofwhomthefatherisadoctor.,介词+关系代词:练习,1.Doyoulikethebook_shespent$10.2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10.3.Doyoulikethebook_shetalks?4.Theman_Ispokeisgoodatwriting.5.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,_weareproud.6.Thefactoryproducesamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.7.Twomen,neither_Ihadeverseenbefore,cametomyoffice.,onwhich,forwhich,aboutwhich,towhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,ofwhom,1.(2013浙江卷)Thechildren,_hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom,2.(2013重庆卷)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof_arefamilymembers.,A.them,B.that,C.which,D.whom,介词+关系代词:练习,D,D,4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich,5.Pleasepassmethedictionary_isblack.A.B.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.itscover,3.(2013北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks_animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where,=inwhich,coverofwhich,=thecoverofwhich,D,C,C,介词+where,Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow,而不是fromthewindow.,介词+where,Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwheretheycouldseethewholecity.他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。fromwhere相当于fromthetopofthebuilding,而不是fromthebuilding.,介词+关系代词+不定式,Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichtosupporthisfamily.=Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichhecouldsupporthisfamily.,介词+关系代词+不定式,在这种结构中，若把介词移至句尾，whom和which必须省略。如：我已经找到一个方东西的房间。Ihavefoundaroominwhichtoputmythings.Ihavefoundaroomwhichtoputmythingsin.Ihavefoundaroomtoputmythingsin.,wrong,.“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点归纳1.简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；,或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。高考考例：1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich,3.(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考点2复杂介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.,IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided？考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich,考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose考点5表示部分的词语of关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；,数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。