高中英语语法情态动词

情态动词,情态动词本身有实际词义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。,情态动词的定义,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后加动词原形，否定式是在情态动词后面直接加“not”。个别情态动词有过去式，但此过去式时态性不强，可用于表示过去，现在或将来，也可用来表达委婉的语气。,情态动词的特点,1表能力,cancouldbeableto,IamsostrongthatIcanliftthisstone.HesaidthatJackcouldntfinishhisworkinsuchashorttime.Heisonlyfour,butheisabletoread.Shewasabletodoitwithoutmyhelp.Willyoubeabletocometomypartytomorrow?,can表能力,但不一定能干成；beableto表经过一番努力设法干成了,可用于各种时态。=managetodo/succeedindoing,Youcangonow.MayIknowyourname?,2表许可can,may,could/might也表许可，常用于问句中，表委婉,CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_.A.mightB.willC.canD.should,C,3表必须Imustgonow.Sinceitisraining,wehavetostayindoors.,must表主观必须，没有过去式haveto表客观必须,关于must疑问句的回答-MustIcomebefore9pm?-Yes,you_.-No,you_/_.,must,neednt,donthaveto,4表推测,mustmaymight,用于肯定句中,Theremustbeamistake.Youmaywalktenmileswithoutseeingahouse.Hemightgetthereontime.,用于否定句中表推测,cant,couldntmaynot,mightnot,Shecantbeserious.Wecouldntdobetter.Shemaynotbeserious.Sheisafraidtheymightnotliketheidea.,用于疑问句中表推测,cancould,may/might不用于疑问句中表推测,mustbe/cantdo/mightbedoing都表对现在的推测musthavedone/canthavedone/mighthavedone表对过去的推测Its6:00.Mother_(wait)formeoutside.Helookssad.He_(know)thenews.No,he_it.,mustbewaiting,musthaveknown,canthaveknown,Wemustntwasteourtime.,mustnt5表禁止,译为“一定不要/千万别”,should/oughtto6表应该,Asateacher,I_bestrictwithmystudents.,should/oughtto,should的另一特殊用法，译为“竟然”Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemen_besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would,should也可表示推测WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need,7表事与愿违,should/oughttohavedone本来应该做却没有做shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone本不应该做却做了couldhavedonesth.本来可以做某事却没有做couldnthavedonesth.不可能已经做了某事neednthavedonesth.本没有必要做某事却做了dontneedtodosth不必做某事实际上没有做donthavetodosth不必做某事实际上没有做,-Sorry，Ihaventfinishedmyhomework.-Butyou_.,oughtto/shouldhave,改错：Heneednttocome.Hedaresnotgo.dare1.He_（不必）notspeakinpublic.2.He_(敢于)tofightagainsttherobber.,need,dares,Heneedntcome./Hedoesntneedtocome.,Hedarenotgo./Hedoesntdaretogo.,判断need/dare是情态动词还是实义动词？1.是否有数的变化：有数的变化，是实义动词；没有则是情态动词2.否定句:直接加not构成否定为情态动词,如果在前面加not为实义动词3.实义动词+todo,而情态动词+v.原形,need当情态动词时，多用在否定句或疑问句中.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我明天需要参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这周你不必交论文。,dare当情态动词用时，有其过去时dared.,shall_westartthemeeting?_hecomein?Ifyoubreakyourpromise,anythingyouowns_betakenaway.,1在第一、三人称疑问句中表征求对方意见。2用于第二、三人称，表说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺等。3用于第三人称，表示法律条文等的规定。,Shall,Shall,Shall,特殊情态动词wouldVSusedto,usedtodo和woulddo”usedto表示过去（常常）做某事，而现在一定不做了woulddo表示过去常常做某事，现在做不做不一定。IusedtosmokeDuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea,情态动词专练,1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,_.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidnt.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.cameD.shouldhavecome4.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgoB.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone,6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdontknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustnthavehurriedB.neednthavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.WedidntstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatonehasntdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished,11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedntB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustntD.No,youwont12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto14.Ididntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustnthavespokenB.shouldnthavespokenC.neednthavespokenD.couldnthavespoken15.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwontrain.A.shouldntB.cantC.donthavetoD.mustnt,16.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.dontneedB.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot17.Acomputer_thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot18.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee19.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.willB.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto20.Whyisitsodark?Therebeaheavyraincoming.A.shallB.mayC.shouldD.will,21.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened22.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont,couldB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should23.Tomfullmarks,buthewastoocarelessaspellingmistake.A.couldgain,tomakeB.couldhavegained,tomakeC.couldhavegained,andmadeD.couldhavegained,astomake24.themantherebeournewteacher?Hebe,butImnotsure.A.May,mustntB.Can,mayC.Must,cantD.Can,cant25.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can,cantB.can,mustntC.might,couldD.might,may,全国高考情态动词试题1.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will2.Theroomissodirty._wecleanit?Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do3MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would,4.IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may5.Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.wontbeC.couldntbeD.mustntbe6.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepaperhavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall7-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourneyA.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen,8.Oh,Imnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldnteatB.mustnthaveeatenC.shouldnthaveeatenD.mustnteat9.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_homewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleftC.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave10Ididnthearthephone.I_asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen11.Writetomewhenyougethome._.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican,12.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must13.AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might14.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_yourlecture.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattended15.Sorry,Imlate.I_haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will,16.Therewasalotoffunatyesterdaysparty.You_come,butwhydidntyou?musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave17.WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need18.IstayedatahotelwhileinNewY