高考英语名词(高考名词专题复习)课件

0年高考语法复习系列二,名词,名词,专有名词(ProperNouns),普通名词(CommonNouns),个体名词(IndividualNouns),集体名词(CollectiveNouns),物质名词(MaterialNouns),抽象名词(AbstractNouns),不可数名词(UncountableNouns),可数名词(CountableNouns),1.可数名词的复数,给出下列名词的复数形式policemanchildmousetoothfootpotatoheroleafshelfrooflifebabymonkeybranchthiefmosquito,policemen,children,mice,teeth,feet,potatoes,heroes,leaves,shelves,roofs,lives,babies,monkeys,branches,thieves,mosquitoes,watchladyfoxflybrushtomatoinchhalfkilopianocalfpasser-bygo-betweengrown-upgirlfriendsister-in-lawmanservantlooker-on,watches,ladies,foxes,flies,brushes,tomatoes,inches,halves,kilos,pianos,calves,passers-by,go-betweens,grown-ups,girlfriends,sisters-in-law,menservants,lookers-on,I.可数名词的复数变法,情况,加法,例词,一般情况,以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词,以辅音y结尾的词,以辅音+o结尾的词,以f或fe结尾的词,加-s,加-es,去y加-ies,多数加-es,把f/fe改成ves,Brothers;schools,Buses;watches;dishes,Ladies;countries,Heroes;tomatoes,Halves;leaves,不规则名词单复数变化:,（1）单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改变字母：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,saleswoman-saleswomen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,Mouse-Mice,phenomenon-phenomena另：penny（pence或pennies）（3）增加字母:child-children,ox-oxen,（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco加es:tomato,potato,hero另：zero（zeros或zeroes）（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外：handkerchief（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢骚）,(6)合成名词的复数形式：将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law将最后一部分变为复数：grown-up(s),go-between(s)(中间人），good-for-nothing(s)(无用之人）含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如：boystudents,girlfriends,ladydrivers含man或woman的合成名词：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：amandoctor,twomendoctors,A名词只能用复数形式的短语：doexercises（做操）takenotes(做笔记）taketurns（轮流）makerepairs（搞修理）changetrains（改换火车）makefriendswith（交朋友）shakehandswith(握手）asfollows（如下）inrags（衣衫褴褛）indozens（成打的）,B有些名词单复数形式含义特别,常见woodsworkswatersclothescustomsmannerssandsspiritsfeelingsgoodspaperssurroundingsgamesforcestimeslooksarmsconditionsInstructions,（森林),（工厂）,(水域),(衣服),(海关),(礼貌),(沙滩),(精神,烈酒),(感情),(货物),(报纸,文件),(环境),(运动会),(军队),(时代),(外表),(武器),(形式,情况),(说明),II.不可数名词的”数”,1.抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccess失败是成功之母。afailure失败者byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历youth青春ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事,2.抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.,3.物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。havebreakfasthaveawonderfulbreakfastTheroadiscoveredwithsnow.Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.,4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.,常见的不可数名词,progressadvicefuninformationfurnitureworkbaggageluggagenewsjewelryweatherpaper(纸张)equipmenttroubleknowledgehomework,有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrowsmeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.,III.名词单复数的特殊情况:,(1)集体名词只用作复数：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resources,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同：glassglasses,clothclothes,workworks,waterwaters,woodwoods,goodgoods,timetimes(时代),paperpapers(论文),greengreens(青菜),customcustoms(海关),spiritspirits(酒精,情绪),lightlights(灯),experienceexperiences(经历),armarms(武器),ironirons(镣铐,熨斗),compass(指南针)compasses(圆规),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:theGreens；theChengs,(8)名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：makefaces/aface（做鬼脸）Havetalks/atalkwithsb.(与某人交谈）Playjokes/ajokeon（拿开玩笑）Makecontributions/acontributionto（为做贡献）(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语：Haveawordwithsb.（与某人说句话）Havewordswithsb.（与某人吵架）Makecloth(织布）Makeclothes（制衣）,名词的所有格,一:s型用法（有生命的所有格）,有生命的所有格李平的自行车汤姆的作品TomandMarysfatherTomsandMarysfathers2.表某人家，店铺名称，常省去所有格后的名词AtGreens,atmyunclesAtthetailors,Lipingsbike,Tomsworks,共有,各有,表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等todaysnewspapertenminuteswalkthestationswaitingroom,4.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else后如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？Ifthisdictionaryisntyours,whoelsescanitbe?,二：of型,.Of型（无生命名词所有格）我们学校的学生房间的窗户,Thestudentsofourschool,thewindowoftheroom,2.双重属格：既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:afriend