高中英语动词不定式课件

TheInfinitive动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,一、用法,1.作主语,2)用it作形式主语用不定式(It+be+adj./n.+todosth),3)例外：Itisnogood/nouse/nohelp+doingsth.Itisnousearguingaboutit.,1)常用动名词LearningEnglishisveryimportant.,ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.,2.作宾语,1)v+只跟todolearn/agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/decide/refuse/fail/manageShehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.,2)v+只跟doingfinish/complete/enjoy/mind/practise/consider/suggest/advise/miss/avoid/admit/deny/permit/allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delaykeep(on)/giveup/insiston/succeedin/feellike/putoff/beworth/beusedto/lookforwardtoIenjoyplayingbasketball.Shepractisesplayingthepianoforanhoureveryday.但是advise/consider/allow/permit/forbid/admitsbtodosthHeadvisedgoingonatriptoGuangzhou.HeadvisedustogoonatriptoGuangzhou.,3)V+todo/doing区别不大。begin/start/like/love/hate/dislike,4)v+todo/doing区别很大forget/remember/stop/goonregret/try/mean/canthelpneed/want/require,trytodo努力做某事trydoing试着做某事regrettodo对要做的某事表示遗憾regretdoing对已做的某事表示后悔,meantodo打算做meandoing意味着canthelp(to)do不能帮忙做某事canthelpdoing情不自禁做某事,need/want/require,sthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做,3.宾语补足语：,1）ask类（v+sbtodosth）want/wish/order/like/wouldlike/helpforce/allow/permit/forbid/advise/considerSheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.,2）感官动词类（V+sb.+dosth.）see/hear/notice/find/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel/smellIoftenhearthemsingthesonginthenextroom.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.,但这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的to要加上。,Theywereheardtosingapopsong.,Hewasmadetoanswerthequestion.,3）使役动词类（V+sb.+dosth.）make/let/have,1.Hewasmade_.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingcry；cryD.tocry；cry,注意,B.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,C.带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,4.作表语,doing表习惯性动作；todo表将来一次性性动作Mywishistobecomeascientist.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.,5.作状语,不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）,不定式作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语时，其句意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用“为了”来表示。Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavethelifeoftheinjuredman.,不定式作结果状语,onlyto,enoughto,tooto,nevertoThattoolistooheavytoliftdirectlyThetemperatureishighenoughtochangewaterintosteamHewenthome,onlytofindthedooropenandeverythingwasgone.Heleft,nevertocomeback.,（2005.福建卷）Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?Sure,_itcompletedintime,wellworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get（2005.广东卷）Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound（2005.重庆卷）Daddydidntmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having,6.作定语todo将来的主动动作，tobedone表将来的被动动作（句中有逻辑主语时用todo，若是不及物动词，要加介词）Ihavetwobookstoread.Haveyougotanythingtosay?Heslookingforaroomtolivein.Idonthaveapentowritewith.Ihaveclothestowash,anddoyouhaveclothestobewashed?Thequestiontobediscussedisveryimportant.,不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主语。HehasalotofworktodotodayDoyouhaveanythingmoretosay区别：AreyougoingtotheballtobeheldonNewYearsEve？,1.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo_.makefriendwithB.makefriendsofC.makefriendsD.makefriendswith2.Theassistantworksveryhard.Sheisalwaysthefirst_andthelast_.A.come,leaveB.coming,leavingC.tocome,toleaveD.tocome,leaving解析：由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如：Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.,二、动词不定式的形式,一般式：todo（表将来）一般被动式：tobedone进行式：tobedoing（表正在进行）完成式：tohavedone（表已经完成）完成被动式：tohavebeendone否定式:nottodo,动词不定式的时态,1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.,2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.,.一般式(todo).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式(tobedoing),1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.,2.Heissaidtobecoming.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（tohavedone),1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.,如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。,Iopenedthedoor_(enter)theroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_(hold)tomorrow.3.Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.4.Iamsorry_(keep)youwaitingsolong.5.Hedidntlike_(laugh).6.Heclaimed_(badlytreat)inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7.Theteachertoldus_(be)lateagain.,toenter,tobeheld,tohavestudied,tohavekept,tobelaughedat,tohavebeenbadlytreated,nottobe,三、疑问词+动词不定式,用作主语、宾语等。,Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.,Idontknowwhattodo.,Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.,Idontknowhowtodoit.,四、动词不定式的复合结构：1)forsb.todosth2)(Itis+性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,carelessItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.,达标练习,1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.,Imafraiditllbeveryhardforyou_(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After_(think)everythingover,shedecided_(notresign)herpost.Youdbetternotget_(annoy)athisignorance.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_(go)onsmoothly.,toadapt,thinking,nottoresign,annoyed,tobegoing,5.Itmightbebetter_(try)_(discuss)inhisownlanguageasheisntusedto_(speak)inEnglishyet.6._(see)fromthehilltop,thelakeisextremelybeautiful.7.Ifyoucouldntgetanything_(open)thebeerbottlewith,whynot_(try)_(open)itwithyourteeth.8.WhenIopenthedoorInoticedsomeone_(sit)byherside_(talk)withher.,totry,discussing,speaking,Seen,toopen,try,opening,sitting,talking,9.Her