氢燃料电池汽车(英文)Hydrogen-FuelCell-Vehicles.ppt

HydrogenFuelCellVehicles,MikeBartholomy4/27/2006EnergyLawbartholomy27,VeryRelevantTopic,ThetopicofalternativefuelvehiclesisespeciallyrelevantgiventheeventsofthelastfewweeksAsgaspricescontinuetorisethissummerwelllikelyseethistopicgetmoreandmoreattention,WhyRelevant?,Gasprices/OilMarketOilcurrentlyaround$73/barrelProjectionshaveoilhitting$90/barrelthissummer$4/gallonthissummer?Whataboutin2010?Howlongwilloilbearound?Whatabouteasytogettooil?Isitalreadygone?EnvironmentBushsApril25th“Plan”,AlternateFuelVehicles,HybridsHerenow,butstillrequiregas,Ethanol/E85PushedbyGMMoreexpensive,justasdirty?,AlternativeFuelVehicles,InternalCombustionHydrogenSlightlymodifiedformofinternalcombustionengineBurnshydrogen,producespurewaterexhaustSeriousrangeproblems,BMWhasbrokenseveralspeedrecordsforhydrogencarsandisbankingoncarsthatcanrunsuccessfullyonbothgasandhydrogen,HydrogenFuelCells,“Anoldideawhosetimehascome”Fuelcellsinventedin1838bySwissscientistChristianFriedrichSchnbeinAspectsofenginesaswellasbatteriesNopollutionemittedPEMFCsidealforlight-dutyvehicles,buildingsUPSvansin2003-04inU.S.Ford40-60vehiclesinGermany,Canada,California;widespreadproductionby2010GMwantstobefirstcompanytosell1MFCVprofitably;startedwithfuelcellbackupsystemsin2005.PrototypeisHy-wireAlsoHonda,Nissan,Toyota,Hyundai,VW,Mazda,othershaveFCVprototypesontheroadSeveringconnectionwithgasprices?,HydrogenFuelCellVehicleIssues,StorageiscomplicatedLimitedrangeExpensivefuelStillafossilfuel?Energycarrier,notenergysource*Infrastructure*,HydrogenSources,HydrogenFuelCellVehicleInfrastructure,HydrogenProductionAlmostallofthehydrogenproducedintheU.S.todayisbysteamreformingofnaturalgasProducehydrogendirectlyfromnewnuclearpowerreactors?R&Dintoseveralnewmethods:BiologicalWaterSplittingPhotoelectrochemicalWaterSplittingReformingofBiomassandWastesSolarThermalWaterSplittingRenewableElectrolysis,HydrogenFuelCellVehicleInfrastructure,TheHydrogenHighwayWorldsfirsthydrogenrefuelingstationopenedinIcelandin2003California&FloridahavebothapprovedfundingBCHydrogenHighwaywilllinkVancouver&Whistlerbystartof2010WinterOlympicGames,Environment,WhywearepursuingHydrogenFCVs(?)EmissionsfreeTherearecostsassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage,Economics,CurrentprojectionsseveraltimesthepriceofstandardcarsFlexibilityofoilindustryManipulationofsupplytokeepoiljustcheapenoughAtwhatpointdoesitbecomeworthwhiletoconsumers?Costofgas+environmentalcosts+dependencycosts(political,militarily,social)Costoffuelcellcars+hydrogenfuel?,Economics,Only2waystoreduceourdependenceonforeignoilIncreaseproductionDecreasedemandThepushforhydrogenfuelcelltechnologyincarsrepresentsthesecond,Politics,ObviousconnectionbetweencurrentadministrationandoilcompaniesandcertainoilproducingcompaniesSomecriticizeaFCVpushasacynicalployBut2006StateoftheUnionAddressAlso,the2003Address,LegalEnvironment,EnergyPolicyActof2005721-723:AdvancedVehiclesDemonstration&PilotProgram743FuelCellSchoolBuses773StudyofReducingUseofFuelforAutomobiles782Federal&StateProcurementofFCVsandHydrogenEnergySystems1341AlternativeMotorVehicleCredit&FuelCellMotorVehicleCredit1342AlternativeFuelCellInfrastructureTaxCredit1825FuelCell&HydrogenTechnologyStudy,OtherStatutes,CleanAirAct1990Amendments211EmissionStandardsforMovingSources241-250CleanFuelVehiclesManyotherfederalincentiveprograms,includingIRStaxbreaksforFCVpurchasersStateIncentives&RegulationsE.g.California:15differentincentiveprogramsforAFVsHydrogenEnergyPlanCAHydrogenHighwayNetworkNetworkofhydrogenrefuelingstations,safetystandards,commercialavailabilityby2010,SoWhereAreWeAt?,HydrogenisonlytypeofenergythatcanprovideawholesalesubstituteforforeignoilwithinadecadeClean,twiceasefficientasinternalcombustion,andplentifulButlikemannedspaceflightinearly60s,hydrogenfuelcellsareprovenbutprimitiveDoweneeda10yeargoalalaKennedy?Currentlyseveraltimes(10 x?)moreexpensive,Recommendation,WeshouldaggressivelypursuehydrogenfuelcellvehiclesTherearedefiniteissues,butnothingcomparedtotheeconomic,politicalandenvironmentalissuesassociatedwithbeingwhollydependentonoil.AKennedy-typegoal,combinedwithgaspricescontinuingtoriseatthecurrentratecouldgetusthereby2010-15,possiblyevensooner.Americanswillneedtolookbeyondthe