介词副词 定语从句

AttributiveClause（定语从句）,1.概念,定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,定语是在名词或名词性短语前对其进行修饰和限制的成分,2.相关信息,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:,关系副词:,who,whom,that,which,whoseas,wherewhenwhy,定语从句一般放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,被定语从句限定的词是_，引导定语从句的词叫做_或_。,关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接定语从句和主句替代替代前面的先行词成分在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分,“先行词”,“关系代词”,“关系副词”,1.Thefanwhichyouwantisonthedesk.2.Thearmydugoutthepeoplewhoweretrappedintheruins.3.Themagazinewhichhasbeentakenawayismine.,4.Thestudentswhodontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.,1.that,1)Letsaskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.,人主语,2)Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.,物宾语,that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Thewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisateacher.,1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.,2.which,1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater.,2)Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.,物主语,物宾语可省,which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.,1Aplaneisamachine.2Themachinecanfly.,ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,Janehasborrowedthebook.,Janehasborrowedthebookthat/whichwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,3.关系代词:who和whom,1).who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2).whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.,ThegirlisfromAmerica.,Icalledherjustnow,Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,Thelady(who/whom)wemetyesterdayisMissGreen.,1TheladyisMissGreen.2Wemetheryesterday.,1.ThisisourmonitorwhoseEnglishisverygood.,2.Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarywhosenameis“WarandPeace”.,whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。,4.关系代词whose,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?,Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.,Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.,HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.,Whichhouseismine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,1.Thehouseismine.,whoseroofisbrown,2.Thehouseisbrownismine.,theroofofwhich,3.Thehouseisbrownismine.,ofwhichtheroof,1.Theeggs_wereinthebasketwerenotfresh.2.Thefriend_cametosupperlastnightwasnthungry.3.Thenoodles_youcookedweredelicious.4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.,which/that,who/that,(which/that),whose,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,关系代词:,1.that可指人，可指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,前面不能加介词。）2.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,若介词提前则不能省)3.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,前面不能加介词。）4.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,若介词提前则不能省)5.Whose可以指人也可以指物，表示所属关系,非限制性定语从句,1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号和主句分开。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用that引导。（注意非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词作宾语也不能省略,Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.,Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.,LiMing,whosemotherhasbeenillfortwodays,isabsentfromschooltoday.,（如果把从句部分去掉，整个句子的含义就变了）,Wewenttothehospitalyesterday,whichwasbuiltlastyear.,1.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimsad.2.Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindofhim.3.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.4.Hedrankbeer,wnichmadehimfat.5.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.,1.介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,who、that不能用与介词之后,2.介词+关系代词的情况,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,【小结】含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词后面,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,lookat,listento等。,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,介词+关系代词的情况练习,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,3.“介词+关系代词“前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.,Mygirlfriendofferedmemanynovels,mostofwhichIamnotfamiliarwith.,2)Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=Thisistheboy_Iplayedtennisyesterday.(这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩.)3)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(改错)ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.,withwhom,_,_,4)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(改错)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(改错)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.,_,_,【小结】关系代词紧跟在介词之后时，指人只能用whom,指物只能用which.,Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.,Ivegottwosisters.BothofthemareinShanghai.,比较,neitherofwhom,andneitherofthem,Ivegottwosisters,andbothofthemareinShanghai.,Ivegottwosisters,bothofwhomareinShanghai.,Ivegottwosisters;bothofthemareinShanghai.,Theoldmanhastwosons,_arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofthesonsC.bothofwhomD.bothoftwo,Ihavemanybooks,butthebest_wasborrowedbyMary.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.ofbooksD.ofthem,Thinkthedifferencesbetweenthem,“介词+关系代词”的用法Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschool_heoncestudiedisveryfamous.(他曾经就读过的学校很出名.),inwhich,关系副词when,where,why它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,where=inwhich=inthehouse,Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.,where,特殊的先行词situation,point,position,case,activity，scene,stage,degree,condition,要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that/which，作状语用where,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.,when=onwhich=ontheday,1.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.why=forwhich=forthereasons2.Isthisthereasonwhyherefused(拒绝）ourmoney?why=forwhich=forthereason关系副词实际上是介词先行词,why,Themines_Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.Thereason_Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.Thetime_Iarrivedwaslateatnight.Thegovernmentbuilding_wevotedwasverytall.Thedate_IjoinedtheANCYouthLeaguewas5thofAugust.,where,why,when,where,when,关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分,a、Thisistheplacewhereheworks.,Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.,b、Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.,Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?,c、Thisisthereasonwhyhewent.,Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,几种易混的情况,4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,which,why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。1.Istillrememberthedaythatwefirstmetinourschool.2.IneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithyourfamilylastsummer.3.Thevillagewhichhewasbornhastakenonanewlook.4.Thisisthetownwherewepaidavisittolastyear.,when/onwhich,whenthat/which或去掉when,which前加in或whichwhere,wherethat/which或去掉where,5.Canyoutellmethereasonwhichyoumissedtheclassthismorning.6.DoyoubelievethereasonwhyTomgaveforhisbeinglateforwork?,which前加for或whichwhy,whythat/which或去掉why,7.Thegirlgotherselfintoasituationthatshewaslikelytolosecontrolofhercar.8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupintheplacewherewasawastelandtwoyearsago.,wherewhich/that,thatwhere,1.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where,2.Imgoingtovisittheschool_mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what,3.Sheisnotthewoman_shewasbefore.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.as,C,A,B,.4.Sheworeaheavyfurcoatinsuchahotday,_Ifoundquitestrange.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when,5.Wecametoaplace_theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which,6.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because,B,B,A,7.Thebaby_isnothers.A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareB.whosheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhosheistakinggoodcareD.whomsheistakinggoodcareof,8.Thehighbuilding_isabighotel.A.wearelookingatitB.welookingC.atthatwearelookingD.wearelookingat,D,D,9.Thereisapopularbeliefamongparents_schoolsdontpayanyattentiontohandwriting.A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.inwhich,10.-Was_Bill,_playedfootballwell,_helpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?-Yes,youareright.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.it;that;whoB.which;that;thatC.it;who;thatD.who;which,that,B,C,11.Thetheoryhesstuck_usthatearthquakescanbeforecast.A,toprovetoB.toprovestoC.provestoD.whichproved,12.Itwasattheschool_wasnamedafterahero_hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.which;where,B,A,as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换.区别如下：,1.as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首和句末,“正如，正像”;which引导的从句不能放在句首,翻译成“这”。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.Marywaslateforschool,whichmadeourteacherangry.,as即可指人/物。在从句中可做主语，宾语。,2.当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which,e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected,4.必背的as的习惯用语asweknow/expect/cansee正如我们知道/期盼/看见的那样aswehadexpectedasiswellknown众所周知asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样asisoftenthecase情况往往如此asismentionedabove如上所述ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述aswillbeshowninFig3将如图3所示asisreported正如报导的那样,3.suchas和同样的;thesameas像一样的e.g.Mr.Leeissuchagoodteacheraswealllike.Ihavethesameplanasyouhave.,Mr.Leeissuchagoodteacheraswealllike.,Mr.Leeissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.,比较分析,定语从句,状语从句,Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.Ihaveneverheardsuchfunnystoriesashetold.,Th