现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语,现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词有时态和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以do为例）,主动形式被动形式一般时(not)doing(not)bedoing完成时(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone,现在分词做状语，通常都表示主语在进行的另一个动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing形式的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的状语从句。做时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，做方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。如果分词表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词一般时，如果分词动作明显在位于动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成时。,一做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句,Thedogcamein.Itfollowitsmaster.=Thedogcamein,followingitsmaster.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtakingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.,二原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。,Seeingnobadyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Noknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldtaffordtosendtheboytothehospital.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.,三时间状语相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末,Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.,四条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首,Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Knowinganythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.-Icouldgoandgetsomeonetobringthecar.-No,thanks.Illbebetterifwalking.,五结果状语现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）,Hishusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowing,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.,六让步状语相当于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首,Beingalotofbooksforexam,hefaildedinitbecauseoflearningmethod.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.,七方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词,Beingwalkingslowly,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.=Walkingslowing,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.Hestoodlearningagainstthewall.=Hestoodandlearnagainstthewall.,八现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用havingdone，若是动宾（被动）关系，则用havingbeendone.,Havingworkedinthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogetvegetables.Havingbeentranslateintoseverallanguages,thebookbecamefamousallovertheworrld.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.,九现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generallyspeaking(一般来说);franklyspeaking(坦白的说);exactlyspeaking(严密/确切的说);judgingfrom/by(根据判断);considering(考虑到),Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinleteraturethanboys.Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.,十现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主句的动作，它们之间的关系是主动的,Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.,(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动的额,Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.,十一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致,Hearingthenews,Tomfeltveryhappy.()Beingsunny,wedecidedtogotoforapicnic.(),如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词5结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主个,Classbeingover,thechildenwenthome.Nobodybeingintheroom,Ididntgoin.Alltheguestshavingarrived,themeetingwasdeclearedopen.Hewentintothefrontdoor,hissonfollowinghim.,动词不定式作状语,1）目的状语Toonlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)asto(如此以便)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Ic