第三章--材料的制备方法

1,Chapter3Chemosynthesisandpreparationtechniqueofmaterials,Chapter3,ChemosynthesisandPreparationTechniqueofMaterials,材料的制备方法,2,3.1原材料的选用与合成,J,J,3.2制造工艺过程与方法,Catalog,3,3.1Selectandsynthesisofrawmaterials,3.1SelectandSynthesisofRawMaterials,天然原料(矿物),化工原料(人工合成原料),化学组成纯度颗粒度成本对环境的影响,4,Catalog3.1,3.1原材料的选用与合成,3.1.1天然矿物原料,3.1.2无机合成原料,3.1.3天然高分子化合物,3.1.4有机合成原料,J,J,J,J,5,3.1.1Naturalmineral,矿石,3.1.1NaturalMineral,3.1.1.1MineralDressingandRawMaterialsPretreatment,6,3.1.1.1Mineraldressingandrawmaterialspretreatment,选矿,(1)选矿方法,根据矿石的物理化学性质的不同，采用不同的方法将有用矿物和脉石矿物分离。,7,(1)Mineraldressingmethod,MineralDressingMethod,GravityMethod,FlotationMethod,MagneticMethod,8,Examples,表3-1.选矿实例硅石和硅砂选矿方法,9,Examples,（续表3-1）,10,(2)Rawmaterialspretreatment,(2)矿石原料的预处理,11,(3)Crudematerials,(3)可以当作材料使用的天然材料,12,Examples,石棉,13,云母,可加工微晶云母陶瓷,J,Examples,14,3.1.1.2Silicatemineralrawmaterials,粘土类原料石英类原料长石类原料碳酸盐类原料其它原料,3.1.1.2SilicateMineralRawMaterials,15,A、Clay,A、Clay,形成黄土高原的厚粘土层,16,Structureofclay,粘土,17,TheKaoliniteGroup,高岭石族TheKaoliniteGroup,18,TheMontmorilloniteGroup,蒙脱石族TheMontmorillonite/SmectiteGroup,19,Examples,20,TheIlliteGroup,伊利石族TheIlliteGroup/TheClay-mica,21,B、Quartz,B、Quartz,石英砂石英砂岩石英岩脉石英粉石英,22,Examples,23,C、Feldspar,C、Feldspar,钾、钠、钙、钡等碱金属或碱土金属的铝硅酸盐矿物,SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O、CaO,架状结构,24,钠长石,钾长石,Examples,25,Useoffeldspar,表3-2.长石的主要用途,26,D、Carbonate,白云石Dolomite,D、Carbonate,CaCO3MgCO3晶体属三方晶系,27,Examples,28,Calcite,方解石Calcite,CaCO3晶体属三方晶系,29,Examples,30,Magnesite,菱镁矿Magnesite,MgCO3,31,Limestone,石灰岩Limestone,CaCO3三方晶系,32,E、Others,滑石Talc,E、Others,3MgO4SiO2H2O三斜晶系,33,Serpentine,蛇纹石Serpentine,3MgO2SiO22H2O一族层状结构的硅酸盐矿物的总称,34,Wollastonite,硅灰石Wollastonite,CaOSiO2针状晶形细小的颗粒也呈纤维状,35,Diopside,透辉石Diopside,CaOMgO2SiO2单斜晶系柱状晶体,36,Apatite,磷酸盐矿物的总称M5(PO4)3XM代表Ca、Ba、Na等,X代表F、Cl、OH六方晶系,磷灰石Apatite,37,Apatite,38,Fluorspar,荧石Fluorspar,CaF2等轴晶系,39,Fluorspar,40,3.1.1.3Utilizingofindustrialwasteresidue,3.1.1.3UtilizingofIndustrialWasteResidue,粉煤灰Flyash煤矸石Duns石煤Stonecoal,炉渣Slag铝渣Aluminumslag电石渣Carbideslag磷矿渣Phosphoriteslag萤石矿渣Fluoriteslag碎玻璃Cullet,41,3.1.2Inorganicsyntheticrawmaterials,普通陶瓷生产的助剂特种陶瓷（结构和功能陶瓷）的生产原料玻璃生产辅助原料耐火材料采用的合成原料,3.1.2InorganicSyntheticRawMaterials,42,Classification,无机合成原料,图3-1.无机合成原料的分类,43,3.1.2.1Oxiderawmaterials,A、单一氧化物,3.1.2.1OxideRawMaterials,氧化铝陶瓷,（1）氧化铝（Al2O3）,44,(1)UseofAl2O3,表3-3.Al2O3粉末原料的种类与用途,45,Ruby4致密陶瓷；5混合物,HPCS装置1排气口；2BN模套3混合物；4点火物5丝；6进气口7电极；8液压装置9真空泵,192,等静压自蔓延燃烧合成法,193,SHSfusioncastingprocess,SHSFusionCastingProcess,SHS熔铸装置1Ti+B+Al2石墨模套3加热线圈4铸模,194,SHScoatingprocess,离心SHS涂层复合管工艺原理,SHScoatingprocess,195,SHSjointingprocess,SHSjointingprocess,196,3.2.3.4Solidphasepolycondensation,3.2.3.4SolidPhasePolycondensation,（1）缩聚反