高考英语语法填空题讲座课件

广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座RationalCloze,一、练习与思考,广东省2007年英语高考样题阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为31-40的相应位置。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）,Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese36(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas37neighbor.Yet38ofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothe39whypeopledidntact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps40hecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatitis41emergency（紧急情况）.Isthesmokecomingintotheroom42aleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?Itsnotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,and43important,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonally44(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,45thepersonwontgetthehelpheneeds.,Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese36(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas37neighbor.Yet38ofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothe39whypeopledidntact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps40hecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatitis41emergency（紧急情况）.,killed,their,none,reason,before,an,Isthesmokecomingintotheroom42aleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?Itsnotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,and43important,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonally44(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,45thepersonwontgetthehelpheneeds.,from,most,responsible,or,二、分析与研究请找出文章中考到的考点：非谓语动词代词名词连词冠词介词形容词,语法填空题可能考到的还有：副词、习惯用语、特殊句型等。,1个,2个,1个,2个,2个,1个,1个,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。,语法填空题能力要求,从语法填空题空格的设置来看，至少应当包括以下4个特点一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例1InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey_(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.,解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用beallowed；由had,left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是wereallowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。例2The_whyIwassadwasthathedidntunderstandme.解析：因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。,二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。,例4Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollutioncontrolefforts解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。,三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点。,四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.例7Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_(reach)arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。,例8Itwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believale；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案为unbelievable。,6.Thelittleboypulled33_righthandoutofthepocket(07深圳一模),冠词或(物主)代词,无提示词可数名词单数之前,2.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey.Sothefarmerkilled40_goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.(07惠州一模)5.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas35_shy,nervousperfectionist.(08深圳二模),the,a,his,考查语法点:定冠词,不定冠词,物主代词的用法,讨论归纳,连词或从句引导词,无提示词两个主谓结构连接,1.Itwasnotlong39_thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.(07深圳一模)6.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,39_MaryAnne,astudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.(08深圳二模),before,when,考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法,讨论归纳,介词,无提示词与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语,3.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis39_greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish(07深二模)5.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback34_thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.(08深圳一模),of,at,考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,讨论归纳,谓语动词,有提示词与主语构成主谓结构,1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI39_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07广州一模)6.Hisfearoffailure36_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模),wastold,kept,考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,讨论归纳,非谓语动词,有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式,2.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32_(receive)thegift.(07广州一模)3.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_(complete)therest!(07广二模)6.Mypupils,Donnie40_(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模),receiving,tocomplete,included,考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用,讨论归纳,词性转换,有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子,1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).(07深圳一模)2.Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher(07广州一模)5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(08惠二模),rudely,worst,suggestion,考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化,讨论归纳,三、尝试命题,请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.,考点分布,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_1_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_2_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_3_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._4_firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire_5_onthe11thfloor._6_knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan_7_(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8_itwasimpossibletocontrol_9_.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove_10_(escape).,Onepossibleversion,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.,which/that,before,floors,The,Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire_onthe11thfloor._knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan_(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_itwasimpossibletocontrol_.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove_(escape).,brokeout,Noone,electrical,but,it,toescape,四、实践与提高,CharlieChaplindevelopedhisownmannerofacting,theonethatwastobecomeworld-famous.Heworeasmallblackhat,verywidetrousers,amoustacheandcarriedastickthatheswungintheair_1_hewalked.Duringhisfirstyear,Chaplinactedin35films,manyof_2_hewroteanddirectedhimself.Chaplinsearliestfilms_3_silent,_4_theequipmentforaddingsoundtofilmshadnotyetbeendeveloped.,as/when,which,were,because,The_5_(develop)offilmswithsoundbecameaproblemforChaplin,ashewasuncertainabout_6_(make)filmswithdialogue.Instead,hecontinuedtomakefilmswithoutdialogue,butheaddedmusic.Chaplinslaterfilms,_7_,werenotwellreceived.Hemadeonlysixfilms_8_1940and1966andonlythefirstoftheseisstillpopulartoday.Beforehediedin1977,he_9_(honour)inanumberofwaysfor_10_contributionstothefilmindustry.,development,making,However,between,his,washonoured,语法,语法填空题型的解题思路,总结,1首先熟悉语境。2对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。3对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法。4对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。5对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。注意：应结合语篇语境，不要断章取义，不要改变文章原来的意义以及句子原本的结构,最好的方法是：对不同题材的完型填空或阅读理解大声朗读，培养语感如新概念英语中有很多非常好的短文章，可作为训练语法专项的材料。坚持不懈，多做相关题型练习，可把相关常犯的错误收集在一个本子上，方便平时查阅与总结PRACTICEMAKESPERFECT.,Will_1_matterifyoudonttakeyourbreakfast?Recentlyatest_2_(give)intheUnitedSates.Thosetestsincludedpeopleofdifferent_3_from12to83.Duringtheexperiment,thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfasts,andsometimestheygot_4_breakfastatall.Specialtestsweresetuptosee_5_welltheirbodiesworkedandwhentheyhadeaten_6_certainkindofbreakfast.Theresultsshowthatifapersoneatsaproperbreakfast,heorshewillworkwithbettereffect_7_ifheorshehasnobr