职称英语《理工a》概括大意历年真题及答案解析

1/6职称英语理工A概括大意历年真题及答案解析BLACKHOLES1BLACKHOLESCANBEBESTDESCRIBEDASASORTOFVACUUM,SUCKINGUPEVERYTHINGINHAVEDISCOVEREDTHATBLACKHOLESCOMEFROMANEXPLOSIONOFHUGESTARSSTARSTHATARENEARDEATHCANNOLONGERBUMDUETOLOSSOFFUEL,ANDBECAUSEITSTEMPERATURECANNOLONGERCONTROLTHEGRAVITATIONAL重力的FORCE,HYDROGENENDSUPPUTTINGPRESSUREONTOTHESTARSSURFACEUNTILITSUDDENLYEXPLODESTHENCOLLAPSES2BLACKHOLESCOMEFROMSTARSTHATAREMADEOFHYDROGEN,OTHERGASESANDAFEWMETALSWHENTHESEEXPLODEITCANTURNINTOASTELLARMASS恒星质量BLACKHOLE,WHICHCANONLYOCCURIFTHESTARISLARGEENOUGHSHOULDBEBIGGERTHANTHESUNFORTHEEXPLOSIONTOBREAKITINTOPIECES,ANDTHEGRAVITYSTARTSTOCOMPACTEVERYPIECEINTOTHETINIESTPARTICLETRYTOSEEANDCOMPAREIFASTARTHATSTENTIMESTHESIZEOFTHESUNENDUPBEINGABLACKHOLETHATSNOLONGERTHAN70KILOMETERS,THENTHEEARTHWOULDBECOME2/6BLACKHOLETHATSONLYAFRACTIONOFANINCH3OBJECTSTHATGETSUCKEDINABLACKHOLEWILLALWAYSREMAINTHERE,NEVERTOBREAKFREEBUTREMEMBERTHATBLACKHOLESCANONLYGOBBLEUP吞噬OBJECTSWITHINASPECIFICDISTANCETOITITSPOSSIBLEFORALARGESTARNEARTHESUNTOBECOMEABLACKHOLE,BUTTHESUNWILLCONTINUETOSTAYINPLACEORBITS轨道DONOTCHANGEBECAUSETHENEWLYFORMEDBLACKHOLECONTAINSEXACTLYTHESAMEAMOUNTOFMASSASWHENITWASASTAR,ONLYTHISITSMASSISTOTALLYCONTRACTEDTHATITCANENDUPASNOBIGGERTHANASTATE4SOFAR,ASTRONOMERSHAVEFIGUREDOUTTHATBLACKHOLESEXISTBECAUSEOFALBERTEINSTEINSTHEORYOFRELATIVITYINTHEEND,THROUGHNUMEROUSSTUDIES,THEYHAVEDISCOVEREDTHATBLACKHOLESTRULYEXISTSINCEBLACKHOLESTRAPLIGHTANDDONOTGIVEOFFLIGHT,ITISNOTPOSSIBLETODETECTBLACKHOLESVIAATELESCOPEBUTASTRONOMERSCONTINUETOEXPLOREGALAXIES银河系,SPACEANDTHESOLARSYSTEMTOUNDERSTANDHOWBLACKHOLESITISPOSSIBLETHATBLACKHOLESCANEXISTFORMILLIONSOFYEARS,ANDLATERCONTRIBUTEFURTHERPROCESSINGALAXIES,WHICHCANEVENTUALLYLEADTOCREATIONOF3/6NEWENTITIESSCIENTISTSALSOCREDITBLACKHOLESASHELPFULINLEARNINGHOWGALAXIESBEGANTOFORM23“26概括大意23PARAGRAPH1_24PARAGRAPH2_25PARAGRAPH3_26PARAGRAPH4_AISTHEREPROOFTHATBLACKHOLESREALLYEXISTBWHATAREDIFFERENTTYPESOFBLACKHOLESCHOWAREBLACKHOLESFORMEDDHOWWEREBLACKHOLESNAMEDEWHATHAPPENSTOTHEOBJECTSAROUNDABLACKHOLEFWHATAREBLACKHOLESMADEOF2730完成句子27BLACKHOLESAREFORMEDAFTER_28WHENALARGESTAREXPLODES,THEGRAVITYCOMPACTSEVERPIECEINTO_29ANEWLYFORMEDBLACKHOLEANDTHESTARITCOMESFROMAREOF_30ALBERTEINSTEINSTHEORYOFRELATIVITYHELPSTOPROVE_4/6ATHECREATIONOFNEWENTITIESBANEXPLOSIONOFHUGESTARSCTHETINIESTPARTICLEDTHESAMEAMOUNTOFMASSETHEEXISTENCEOFBLACKHOLESFAFRACTIONOFANINCH。第一段没有主题句，通过第二句可知黑洞形成是由于巨大的星体爆炸，第三旬说明了巨大的星体是如何爆炸的，所以第一段讲的就是黑洞的形成过程，因此答案为C黑洞是如何形成的。第二段首句是主题句，即“黑洞来自于那些由氢、其他气体以及一些金属组成的星体”，因而F选项黑洞是由什么构成的为正确答案。第三段的主题句为首句，即“被黑洞吞噬的物体永远存在，永远不会逃逸出来”。但第二个句子是将BUT放在句首，所以重点就转向第二个句子，即“但是要记住黑洞只能吞噬与其保持特定距离的物体”，所以E黑洞周围的物体会怎么样为正确答案。第四段的主题句是首句，即“到目前为止，天文学家根据爱因斯坦的相对论已经推断出黑洞的存在”，后面的句子都是有关天文学家对黑洞的研究，并且证明黑洞是真实存在的，所以A选项有证据证明黑洞真实存在吗为正5/6确答案。题干黑洞是在_之后形成的。利用题干的关键词BLACKHOLES和FORM可以定位到第一段第二句，可知科学家发现黑洞源于巨大的星体爆炸，所以正确答案为B巨大星体的爆炸。题干当巨大的星体爆炸时，重力将爆炸物压缩成_。利用题干的关键词EXPLODE，COMPACT，GRAVITY可以定位到第二段“，ANDTHEGRAVITYSTARTSTOCOMPACTEVERYPIECEINTOTHETINIESTPARTICLE”可知重力把爆炸产生的物体压缩成颗粒。因此此处填“最微小的粒子”，所以正确答案为C最微小的颗粒。题干新形成的黑洞和产生黑洞的那个星体_。利用题干关键词THENEWLYFORMEDBLACKHOLE可以定位到文章第三段“THENEWLYFORMEDBLACKHOLECONTAINSEXACTLY