大学英语语法定语从句课件（主讲2）

鹰潭职业技术学院：刘志强,TheAttributiveClauses,Underlinetheattributiveclauses:,Dontforgetthethingsthatonceyouowned.Treasurethethingsthatyoucantget.Dontgiveupthethingsthatbelongtoyouandkeepthoselostthingsinmemory.,曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。,请用定语从句翻译下面句子1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。Idontknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?,TeachingAims,1ToreviewcommonknowledgeontheAttributiveClauses.2TodeveloptheabilitytousetheAttributiveClauses.,基础知识,定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“”.引导定语从句的词叫“”,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,Revision1relativepronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,relativeadverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,HowmanykindsofAttributiveClausesarethere?,基础知识,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,基础知识,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,themachine,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,that/who/whom,Thegirl,注意避免重复,Correctthemistakes,1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.4.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.,whom,whose,it,who,定语从句重点与难点归纳,定语从句用法归纳,2.如何判断介词,3whose的使用,4as的使用,1.that与which,6定语从句中的动词的数,5when,where,why与that,which的区分,1.that与which,1.Nothing_canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?,先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that,that,that,1.ThisisthebestTV_ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,1.that与which,Ivereadallthebooks_youlentme.,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。,1.that与which,1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing_sufferspain,death,harm,etc.,先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.,that,that,1.that与which,1.Who_youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?,Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that,that,1.that与which,1.Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,1.that与which,1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,Thisisthebook_whichyouasked,注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前,for,TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,如何判断介词,2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.,with,如何判断介词,3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,Thisisourclassroom,_whichthereisateachersdesk.,inthefrontof,如何判断介词,whose引导的定语从句,表示所属关系,Theriver_banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.,whose,3Whose的使用,Thereareinthisclass20students,_aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.ThebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose,Whose的使用,Theearthisround,_weallknow._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,as,As,It,4as的使用,ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as的使用,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,as的使用,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,that,that,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,as的使用,1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_hasbeensaidbefore.,which,2_everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.,As,as的使用,注意：as与which的区别as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。1)Shehasbeenlateagain,_wasexpected.2)Tomhasmadegreatprogress,_madeushappy.,as,which,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is,Exercise,3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like,5when,where,why与that,which的区分,）Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.）Illneverforgetthetime_Ispentwithyou.）Illneverforgetthetime_wasspentwithyou.）Thisisthemuseum_Ivisitedlastyear.,when,whichthat,whichthat,whichthat,5when,where,why与that,which的区分,Thisisthereason_(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.Thereason_shegavewasnottrue.,whythat,which/that,指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,6定语从句中的动词的数,Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_(have)gottheteacherspraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_(have)gottheteacherspraise,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,能力提高,什么情况下whose和ofwhich不能互换?,1.先行词是人时，只能用whose,不能用ofwhich,Itsthefirsttimetheboy_fatherisanengineerhaspaidavisittoourschool.,2.of不具有所属关系时，不能用whose,Shewouldliketoreadthenovelofwhichagreatnumberofpeoplehaveheard.,whose,什么情况下用who不用that？,先行词是人称代词时，如：He,whojustheardthenewsofhisfathersdeath,burstintotears.,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,which,why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词,专题专练,1.Doyouthinksuchaplace_youspeakofisworthvisiting?HepromisedtocometoseemeonpurposeonSunday,_Idoubtverymuch.Thereisalakenearourschoolyard,_depthisoutofyourexpectation.-Doyouhaveanythinginmind_youdlikeforsupper?-Well,anythingisOkforme.5.Thehousein_heusedtolivehasturnedintoalibrary.,as,which,whose,that,which,=thelakes,6.Studentsinourschool,mostof_arefromthesouthofChina,enjoyriceverymuch.7.Canyouthinkofasituation_thisidiomisused?8._isoftenthecase,teachersinourschoolusuallyreturntoschoolonSundayevenings.9.Whichistheroad_leadstothevillage_youwereborn?10.ThenewcomerisfromJiangxi,_Icantellfromhisaccent.,whom,where,As,that,where,which,=inwhich,1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses.b.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses,解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。,them,whom,which,him,_,_,易混句型,1.定语从句与并列句,1).a.Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.b.Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise_ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromise_pleasedallherchildren.,that,(that/which),that/which,that,归纳：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。,.定语从句与同位语从句,1)a.Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.2)a.Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.b.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.,解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分;去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。,that,where,that,when,.定语从句与强调句,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,to,that,4.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.,which,who,Correctthesentences:,6.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.7.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,that,why,Correctthesentences:,8.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.,gives,Correctthesentences:,9.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.10.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.,as,on,Correctthesentences:,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,Choosethebestanswers:,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isox