定语从句第一讲

,定语从句第一讲,一、什么叫定语,概念：修饰、限定名词或代词形式：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等abeautifulgirltheboyinblueaballpentheworktofinishtwoboysthepenboughtbyhimhisson,二、定语从句,定义：主从复合句的一种，相当于一个后置定语，修饰其前面的名词、代词1.我昨天买的这本书不贵。ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisnotexpensive.2.住在我隔壁的这个人是卖菜的。Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.,Themanwholivesnexttomesellsbooks.Themanlivesnexttome.Themansellsbooks.结构：先行词+引导词+从句,先行词,关系代词+从句,关系代词、关系副词,三、关系代词引导的定语从句,思考：代词在句子中一般充当什么成分?Shetoldusthenews.Iloveyou.Wemusttakegoodcareofthem.,主语,宾语,宾语,主语,主语,宾语,关系代词和代词一样，一般在从句中代替先行词充当从句的主语或宾语（充当从句宾语时，关系代词可省略）关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose,1)当先行词是人，关系用who/whom/thatThewomanismyteacher.Shespokejustnow.Thewomanwho/thatspokejustnowismyteacher.Thewomanwhoismyteacherspokejustnow.(who/that代指thewoman,充当从句的主语),ThemanwasMr.Black.Imethimyesterday.Themanwho/whom/thatImetyesterdaywasMr.Black.(who/whom/that代指theman,充当从句的宾语，可省略),【练习】Themanrefusedtogivemehisname.Themantoldmethenews.Theman_toldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.Theman_refusedtogivemehisnametoldmethenews.,who/that,who/that,2.Sheisateacher.Weallrespecther.She_weallrespectisateacher.Weallrespecther_isateacher.,who/that/whom,who/that,2)当先行词是物时，关系代词用that/whichTheyhavearadio.Theradiogivesthemsomanyfun.Theyhavearadiothat/whichgivesthemsomanyfun.(that/which代指theradio,充当从句主语)Theradio_theyhavegivesthemsomanyfun.(that/which代指_,充当从句_语),that/which,theradio,宾,练习Ibuiltthehousein1999.Thehouseisstillnew.Thehouse_Ibuiltin1999isstillnew.LancangRiveristheChinesepartoftheriver.LancangRiveriscalledtheMekonginothercountries.LancangRiver_,that/which,istheChinesepart,oftheriverthatiscalledtheMekong,inothercountries,找出句中的从句并圈出先行词,说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.,3)关系代词whosewhose在从句中作定语，意为“的”Iknowaboy.Hismotherisateacher.Iknowaboywhosemotherisateacher.(whose代替his作mother的定语)Helikesthebook.Itscoverisapicture.Helikesthebookwhosecoverisapicture.(whose代替its作cover的定语)注：在whose后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词。,即时练习将下列句子改成定语从句。1.Doyouknowanyone?HisfamilyisinXian.DoyouknowanyonewhosefamilyisinXian.2.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.3.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.Thechairwhoselegwasbrokenhasbeenrepaired.,四、回归课本,1.Ahugecrackthatwas8kmslongand30mswidecutacrosshouses,roads.先行词：关系代词：2.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.先行词：关系代词：,ahugecrack,that作主语,people,who作主语,3.AnotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.先行词：关系代词：4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrapped.先行词：关系代词：,anotherbigquake,which作主语,those,who作主语,5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.先行词：关系代词：,survivors,whose作定语,填出正确的关系代词。Annewasagirl_familywasJewish.OldEnglishwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglish_wespeaktoday.People_thoughtlittleoftheeventswereasleepasusualthatnight.Thenumberofpeople_werekilledreached400,000.He_laughslastlaughsbest.Godhelpthose_helpthemselves.,whose,that/which,who/that,who/that,who/that,who,1.只用that，不用which的情况：（1）先行词为不定代词(all,everything,something,anything,nothing)Isthereanything_youdontunderstand?（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ivecheckedallthehomework_youhandedin.,that,that,五、先行词是物时，that和which一般情况下可以换用，但下面几种情况特殊,（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时Thisisthefirsttime_wemeetwitheachother.Itisthemostbeautifulgift_Iveeverreceived.（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰Hewasthelaststudents_showedontheparty.,that,that,that,（5）先行词既有物又有人Thewriterandhisworks_theradioreportedarepopulartothestudents.（6）主句是who,which,therebe引导的Whoisthegirl_satunderthetree.Therearemorethan400,000people_diedduringt