高中英语被动语态

被动语态一.被动语态谓语部分的构成:be+P.P二.各种时态被动语态谓语部分的构成1.一般现在时:is/am/are+P.PHeteachesEnglish.-2.一般过去时:was/were+P.PHesawthefilmyesterday.-3.现在进行时:amis+being+P.PareHeiswritingaletter.-,Englishistaughtbyhim.,Thefilmwasseen.,Aletterisbeingwritten.,4.过去进行时:was/were+being+P.PHewassingingthenewsongat7yesterday.-5.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+P.PWehavecarriedtheplanout.-6.过去完成时:hadbeen+P.PHehadwashedtheclotheswhenIcameback.-7.一般将来时：1)will/shallbe+P.PHewillhelpyou.,Thenewsongwasbeingsungbyhim.,Theplanhasbeencarriedout.,TheclotheshadbeenwashedwhenIcameback.,Youwillbehelpedbyhim.,2).begoingtobedoneWearegoingtofinishtheworkontime.8.含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/mustbe+P.PWemustloveourhometown.9.特殊结的被动语态:have/hastobedoneseemtobedonewantsthtobedonehappentobedoneasksthtobedonepretendtobedonebehappytobedoneletsthbedone,Theworkisgoingtobedonebyusontime.,Ourhometownmustbelovedbyus.,三.被动语态的运用：当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主,谓之间的关系称为主动语态;当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。1).动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hope,suggest等以it作形式主语时用被动语态，后面接that从句.Peoplehopethatallofuscangotocollege.Itishopedthatallofuscangotocollege.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)putofftheEnglishSpeechContest.2).Itisknown_allofusthattheearthisround.,to,英语中一般用来by表示动作的执行者,但know除外,它要用介词toHangzhouisknown_ascenicspot,especiallyitisknown_theWestLake,whichisknown_theworld.2.并非所有的动词都能用于被动语态中.一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。下列情况一般不用于被动语态中.,as,for,to,不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,takeplacehappen,last,remain,fallasleep,spread,stand,sit,breakout,fail,lieend(vi.结束),keepsilence,cometrue,loseheart,判断正误()Thepricehasbeenrisen.()Thepricehasrisen.()Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.()Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.()Thepricehasbeenraised()Thepricehasraised.()Pleasebeseated.()Pleaseseat.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。,F,T,F,T,F,T,F,T,2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词语fit,have,hold(容纳),agreewith,wish,cost,arriveat/in,shakehands,own,marry,succeedin,sufferfrom,enter,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,remain,look,seem,smell,sound,be,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.,4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词(oneself)，相互代词(eachother,oneanother)，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。()Shelikestoswim.()Toswimislikedbyher,T,F,3.下列情况一般用于被动语态中.1）不清楚动作的执行者是谁例如Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.Thetime-tablehasbeenchanged.时间表已变动了。Wehaventbeeninformedofit.还没有人通知我们这事2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者）MyTVsetisbeingrepairedintheshop.我的电视机正在这店里修。Thesebooksarewrittenespeciallyforchildren.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。Thesongwascomposedbyayoungworker.这首歌是一位年青工人谱写的。,3)不愿意说出动作的执行者,其目的是为了使语言得体,圆滑等.在这种情况下,有时常用一些句式，“Itissaidthat”（据说），“Itisreportedthat”（据报道），“Itisrumouredthat”（据传言）等等。Youarerequestedtomakeaspeechatnextmeeting.Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。Itisrumoredthathehasbeenappointedassuccessortothepresidentofourcompany.据传闻，他已任命为我们公司总裁的接班人了。Itisgenerallyconsideredimpolitetoaskonesage,salary,marriage,etc.问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。,4)出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子Theprofessorcametoourschoolandwaswarmlywelcomedbytheteachersandstudents.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语.那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。Iwenttothepartyandwasaskedbymyfriendstodosomecookingforthem.我去参加了那个聚会,朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜Thenotionisespeciallyopposedtobythosewhohaveinvestedmuchinthearea.（此句若选those作主语，就会使主语与谓语相距太远而显得句子松散，因为它的定太长了。）这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。,4.这里我们还要进一步谈谈几种特殊的被动结构。1）关于带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。也有个别带“to”的情态动词例外，如：oughtto和haveto，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中,即ought/havetobedoneThedebtmustbepaidoffbeforenextmonth.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Thedebthastobepaidoffbeforenextmonth.那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybyburningit.油经过燃烧可变为能原。Yououghttobecriticizedforyourcarelessness.你由于粗心大意应当受到批评。,2)关于带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态我们看看“带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构”，重点看谓语部分：Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.SVOiOdAdv.Iallowedhimanhourtofinishthework.SVOdDiAdv.从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，,givesbsth,sendsbsth,buysbsth；givesthtosb,sendsthtosb,buysthforsb请看下面两种情况的对照：Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.(主动)Mybrotherboughtmeawatchyesterday.(主动),Iwassentanovelonmybirthday.(被动),Anovelwassenttomeonmybirthday.(被动),Iwasboughtawatchyesterday.(被动),Awatchwasboughtformebymybrotheryesterday.(被动),3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语+宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语,保持不变,现在就变成被动态句子的主语补足语了。例如：Thestorymadeuslaugh.(宾语补足语)Theyaskedmetohelpthem.(宾语补足语)Wesawthemcomingover.(宾语补足语),Weweremadetolaughbythestory.(主语补足语),Iwasaskedtohelpthem.(主语补足语),Theywereseencomingover.(主语补足语),1._thatanewproject_inourtown.A.Itisbelieved,willbestartedB.Wearebelieved,willbeopenedC.Itbelieves,willstartD.Webelieved,willbestarted2.Thiscollectionofshortstoriesissaid_intoatleastfiveforeignlanguagesinthepastfewyears.A.totranslateB.tobetranslateC.tohavetranslatedD.tohavebeentranslated3.Wewould_ifyouwouldvisitus.A.honourB.behonouredC.behonouringD.honoured,A,D,B,改错:1.Thecoverisfeltsmooth.2.Thewindowwontbeshut.3.Thechairneedsrepaired.4.Thefishisdelicioustoeaten.5.Thepeniswrittenwell.,X,repairing,eat,iswritten-writes,去掉is或felt,5.动词的主动表被动：1)下列感官动词和系动词以主动表被动:smell,sound,taste,prove,look,feel那故事证明是真的.着料子摸起来很柔软.2)sell,wash,write,shut,let(租)等词后面加状语(有些可以不加),常用主动表被动.这书很畅销.那笔好写.那些印记不好洗.那栋房子每月出租2000元.3)need,want,require等表“需要”,如果主语是物的时候,必须用动名词的主动形式表被动意义;也可以用不定式的被动形式.,Thestoryprovedtrue.,Thematerialfeelssoft.,Thebooksellswell.,Thepenwriteswell.,Themarkswontwasheasily,Thehouseletsfor2000yuanamonth.,这张椅子需要修理.窗子需要抹洗.4)worthThebookisworthreading.,Thewindowswantcleaning.,=Thechairneedstoberepaired.,Thechairneedsrepairing.,=Thechairwantedtobecleaned.,=Thebookisworthyofbeingread.,=Thebookisworthytoberead.,5)不定式作后置定语,如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是被动关系就应用不定式的被动形式.Thelittleboylikestobetakentothepark.Heaskedthelettertobe