小学英语语法讲解、练习及答案

小学英语语法总结,名词复数规则,1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries,4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knivesleafleaves5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,child-children；foot-feet；tooth-teeth;goose-geesefish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheepdeer-deerChinese-Chinese,Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_watch_child_photo_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_box_tea_strawberry_diary_rice_thief_you_peach_man_woman_paper_juice_milk_sandwich_water_,we,them,these,them,watches,children,photos,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,diaries,strawberries,thieves,you,peaches,men,women,sandwiches,一般现在时,一般现在时的功能:1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时的构成:be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词+其它。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化：否定句：主语+benot+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.一般疑问句必须用yes/no回答，答句的主语必须是代词。特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句?如：-Whereismybike?-Itsthere,underthetree.,2.行为动词的变化：否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形+其它。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数，用doesnt构成否定句如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它？如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数，要用does构成一般疑问句如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：-Howdoyougotoschool?-Igotoschoolonfoot.,动词单数第三人称（简称：单三）的变化规则:1一般情况下，直接加s如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾，加es如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加es如：study-studies,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening.,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,has,are,dontwatch,doesntgo,Do,like,Do,read,teaches,take,三、按照要求改写句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_,DanieldoesntwatchTVeveryevening.,Doyoudoyourhomeworkeveryday?,No,Idont.,Doesshelikemilk?,Yes,shedoes.,Wedontgotoschooleverymorning.,五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._,Does,_,_,like,playing/toplay,_,teaches,_,doesnt,_,现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法:现在正在进行或发生的动作，当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句：be+V-ing.3、现在进行时的否定句：be+not。4、现在进行时的一般疑问句：be句首。5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句：疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它？疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?,动词+ing的变化规则:1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_swim_make_begin_go_like_write_shop_have_sing_dance_put_see_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_smoke_,running,swimming,making,beginning,going,liking,writing,shopping,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,smoking,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(have)anEnglishlesson.,isdrawing,aresinging,iscooking,are,doing,arehaving,三、句型转换：Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_,Aretheydoinghousework?,Theyarentdoinghousework.,Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?,Yes,theyare.,No,theyarent.,一般将来时,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow等。二、基本结构：begoingtodo；willbe/do.,三、否定句：begoingtodobenotgoingtodowillbe/dowontbe/do例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.IwontgotoBeijingnextmonth.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首;如果有some，改为any;如果有and，改为or；第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况:1、问人。(Who)例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.2、问干什么。(Whatdo)例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3、问什么时候。(When)例如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?,六、begoingto与will：一般情况下可以互换：Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.区别：A、begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.B、begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.,C、begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.D、begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，will则没有这个意思Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.E、在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用willIfanybeastscomeatyou,Illstaywithyouandhelpyou.,will和begoingto的选用原则,关于“打算”：原先作好的打算用“begoingto”“Kateisinhospital.”“凯特在住院。”“Yes,Iknow.Iamgoingtoseeherthisafternoon.”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。”说话时即时的打算用“will”“Kateisinhospital.”“凯特在住院。”“Oh,really,Ididntknow.Iwillgoandseeheratonce.”“哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”,inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里,立刻，马上,2.关于“预料”：在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“begoingto”；Lookattheclouds.Itsgoingtorain.你看天上的云。快下雨了。MyGod!Wearegoingtocrash.天哪！我们快撞车了。在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will或begoingto”皆可；Ithinktheweatherwillbenice.我想天会晴朗。=Ithinktheweatherisgoingtobenice.当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will”。IthinkshewilllikethecakeImadeforher.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。,练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.(同义句)3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面?Whattime_you_meet?,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,Is,going,to,weekend,is,is,going,to,are,going,to,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Todayisasunnyday.We_(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften_(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrainy.He_(go)toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects?5.ItsFridaytoday.What_she_(do)thisweekend?She_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects.,aregoingtohave,isgoing,goes,willgo,watch,catch,is,goingtodo,isgoingtowatch,catch,一般过去时,1功能：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2谓语动词是be动词时，be的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent）3谓语动词是其他实意动词时，动词变过去式，否定和疑问借用助动词did如：Iwenttoschoolat8oclockyesterday.Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday.,动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work-worked,2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived3重读的“辅元辅”结构（末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节），双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed如：stop-stopped，begin-beginning/bgn/4以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,5不规则动词过去式：am/is-was,eat-ateare-were,take-took,do-did,run-ran,see-saw,sing-sang,say-said,put-put,give-gave,make-made,get-got,read-read,go-went,write-wrote,come-came,draw-drew,have-had,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat,一、用动词的适当形式填空1.It_(be)BensbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall_(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He_(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen_(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes_newspapers,butshe_abookyesterday.(read)6._they_(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_.7.I_(watch)acartoononMonday.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Did,sweep,didnt,watched,形容词和副词,形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质、特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。,形容词和副词的概念,副词：是用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词。副词在句中多作状语。,形容词和副词的用法,形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:anewbook,twobigtrees等。,形容词作表语放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.Iamshort.2.Shelooksfine.3.Theyturngreen.,如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。如:somethinginteresting，nothingnew,副词放在所修饰的be动词之后、行为动词之前；形容词和副词之前。如:1.Sheworkshard.（修饰动词）2.Iamverybusy.（修饰形容词）3.Herunstooquickly.（修饰副词）4.Weplayhappily.（修饰动词）,通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。,slow_real_usual_careful_easy_happy_heavy_angry_,slowly,usually,easily,heavily,really,carefully,happily,angrily,形容词和副词的级,一、形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,manyhard,happily,slowly,quickly程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：verytall、toohot、socoldquiteinteresting、runquickly,asas,(与一样）；notas（so)as（与不一样）的中间用原级。Thestoryisasinterestingasthatone.Thequestionisnotas/sodifficultasthatone.,2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较表示“较”或“更一些”标志词：than(比)构成：A.单音节词通常是-er结尾；B.多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.,3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。表示“最”的意思。标志词：in+大范围；ofall；of+the+具体的数字单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式,一、规则变化,二、不规则变化：,good/wellbad/badly/illmany/muchlittle,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,oldfar,older/elder,oldest/eldest,farthest/furthest,farther/further,important_easy_wet_happy_careful_thin_good_hot_easily_many_nice_big_heavy_delicious_much_,给出下列词的比较级和最高级,moreimportant,mostimportant,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happiest,happier,morecareful,1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。,2形容词比较级的规则变化：一般在词尾加er；以字母e结尾，加r；“辅元辅”结构，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。,3、不规则形容词比较级：good/well-better,bad/ill-worselittle-less,old-older/eldermany/much-more,二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better，far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_low_high_slow_fast_late_early_far_well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.,5._Nancysing_(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_.6.Fangfangisnotas_(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare_(big)than_(she).8.Whogetsup_(early),TimorTom?9._thegirlsgetup_(early)thantheboys?No,they_.,三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_is_thanJim？_are.2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_.Allmy_thanme.3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencilis_,_or_？_is,Ithink.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_thanmy_.5.多做运动，你会更强壮。_moreexercise,youll_soon.,Therebe句型与have,has的区别,1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某人/物2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be