虚拟语气讲解+习题

SubjunctiveMood(1),陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.,一.语气的分类,1.Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.2.IwishIweretaller.3.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteachersadvice.4.Ifhehadstudiedharder,hemighthavepassedtheexam.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假想、猜测、建议，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,虚拟语气的概念,a.Ifhewerehere,Iwouldexplaintohimmyselfb.Iftherewerenowaterontheearth,therewouldbenolife.c.Ifwehadtimenow,weshould(would)readitagain.,（与现在事实相反）,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,总结,与现在的事实相反从句：did(be动词常用were）主句：would/could/might/shoulddo,IfIhadseenhimyesterday,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.b.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldnothavemadesuchamistake.c.Iwouldnthavebelievedit,ifIhadntseenithappen.,（与过去事实相反）,总结,与过去的事实相反从句：haddone(过去完成时)主句：would/could/might/shouldhavedone,a.Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.c.Ifsheshouldcome,Iwouldaskherforhelp.,(与将来事实相反),总结,与将来的事实相反从句：过去式(did)/(were)should+doweretodo主句：would/could/might/shoulddo,虚拟语气,一、在if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况：,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,2、错综时间的条件句,.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.（从句指过去，主句指现在）,IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去),3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是用butfor(要不是),without,otherwise等来表示。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。,虚拟语气,4、省略if的条件从句(倒装）当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，把其提到句首，变为倒装句式IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.,Hadyoucomeafew.,5.Ifonly要是就好了,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,Exercises,Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,3.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI_thesportsmeeting.A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin4._theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily.A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor,5.Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented6._hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork,7.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe8._yourhelp,I_theexamA.Without,willfailB.Ifnot,willfailC.Butfor,wouldhavefailedD.Ifitisnotfor,wouldhavefailed,9.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten,SubjunctiveMood(2),名词性从句的虚拟语气,宾语从句。常见动词命令、要求、建议：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desire，ask,宾语从句用虚拟语气should+do，should可省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatwe_moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe_happyHeinsistedthatallofus_thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）Heinsistedthathe_thewallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should)practise,was,shouldbe,didntsteal,注意：,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,（主语从句）,（表语从句）,（同位语从句）,Exercises,1.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes,2.Heinsistedthathe_right,andsoheinsistedthathisplan_carriedoutatonce.A.was;beB.be;wouldbeC.was;wasD.be;shouldbe,4.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave,3.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.should,hadD.was,has,5.Theirsuggestionisthatthewoundedsoldiers_tohospitalatonceA.besentB.issentC.wassentD.shouldsend,6.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_inthelibraryA.wasallowedB.wouldbeallowedC.beallowedD.hadbeenallowed,SubjunctiveMood(3),虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish的宾语从句,现在：过去：将来：,过去时,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.should,asif,asthough引起的从句，其用法同wish构成的宾语从句一样,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,（现在）,Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,（过去）,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,（将来）,2.Myneighbortreatsthechildasifheweretheirownson.,1.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Asif/though和wish用法相同,3.Heopenshismouthasifhewouldsaysomething,Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.,Lookatthedarkclouds.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,Itlooksasifwellbelate.,asif从句所表示的内容若与事实相符，用陈述语气：,2.wouldrather(that),现在：过去：将来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its(about/high)time+(that),should+V.,过去时,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,(Should不可省略),4.Itisimportant/necessary/strange/naturalthat+(should)do1.我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2.她这样做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.,5.情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以mighthavedone本来可能should/oughttohavedone本来应该做shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做neednthavedone本不必做wouldhavedone本来会去做,Exercises,2.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach,1.Iwishthatyou_suchabadheadachebecauseImsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.hadntB.didnthavehadC.hadnthadD.hadnthave,3.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthough