初中阅读理解之词义猜测题

,godie,去死,初中阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧,授课老师：黄文婷,定义,分类,解题技巧,习题操练,猜测词义题,考查指定的词、短语或句子在特定语境中表达的具体含义,什么是猜测词义题？,设问方式：,1.Theword“”means_inChinese.2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto.?3.Theword“”couldbestbereplaced(替换)by_.4.InParagraph2,theunderlined(划线的)word/sentence“”means/refersto_.,“双引号”,TomcallsZipthekeepdogbecause_.,1.Theunderlinedexpressiongivingahandto(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto_.2.Theunderlinedexpressiongohimonebetterinparagraph4means_.3.Theunderlinedwordtheminparagraph1refersto_.4.TheunderlinedwordThis(Paragraph4)refersto_.5.DolphinIntellegenceisprobablyastoryaboutdolphins_.,猜测词义题分类？,非指代型：根据语境推断某个词的意思,指代型：it,they,them,this,that等指代的对象进行判断,2011-2015年广州中考卷,解题技巧,一、语境法,二、构词法,瞻前顾后，联系上下文,词形变化现象和规则,解题技巧一语境法,瞻前顾后,Idolreferstoapersonthatislovedandadmired(赞赏)verymuch.,语境法定义解释,a.以be(是),mean(意指),referto(指的是)为线索猜测词义,b.以becalledas(被称作),beconsideredas(被认为)，bedefinedas（被定义为）为线索猜测词义,Motionmaybedefinedasacontinuous(连续不断的)changeofposition.,Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained(使有兴趣)thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowing(吞)fire,andothersimilartricks(把戏).,语境法定义解释,c.定语从句为线索来推测词义,d.以标点符号（括号，破折号）,Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinthesummer.,Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?AthiefB.AguideinashopC.theownerofashopD.Aporter,Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.,语境法举例子,以列举的句子为线索猜测词义。,特征词：suchas,like,forexample,forinstance,include,consistof,.,Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.,MynameisTomIwanttojoinaclubinmyschoolImnotfamous（著名的）now，butmaybeIcanbefamoussomedayIcantsingordanceoract，butIcandomanyotherthingsIcanplaythreekindsofinstruments：theguitar，theviolinandthedrumsIthinkIcanbeinthemusicclubMaybeIcanbeafamousmusicianIliketoreadstorybooksandIcanwritestoriesMaybeIcanbeafamouswriterIlikesportstoo，butIamnotgoodatsports.CanIjoinyou?,Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“instruments”inChinese?A.乐谱B.乐器C.乐章D.琴,Theunderlinedword“royal”mightmean“”inChinese.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中产的D.平民的,WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshadeAndtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthorityIntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighofficesorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens,Havingaplanandknowinghowtoprioritizeisonething.Thenextissue(问题）isknowinghowtomanageinterruptions.Theremaybephonecalls,informationrequestsandeventsthatoccurunexpectedly.However,youneedtodowhateveryoucantoconcentrateonthemaintasks.,Theword“interruption”(inParagraph4)issimilarinmeaningto_.A.processB.disadvantageC.disturbanceD.emergency,语境法对比转折,表转折关系的词：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,otherwise,though,unless,notas.as,.,以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义。,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,Whatdoestheunderlineword“homely”mean?A.beautifulB.uglyC.lovelyD.notlookbeautiful,Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.,Thewordawfulinthepassagemeans_.A.美味的B.极好的C.糟糕的D.很快的,LastsummerJennyandherfriendshadabustriptoNewYork.Shefeltveryrelaxedontheway.Theyvisitedamuseum.Butitwasreallycrowdedthereandthedisplay(展览)wasnotinterestingatall.Theywenttodifferentrestaurantstohavedinner.Somefoodwasquitedelicious,butJennythoughtthefastfoodwasawful.Whentheweatherwasfine,theywenttothebeachtoswim.Theseawasbeautiful,andtheyhadagoodtime.,TheunderlinedwordsstraightAsinParagraph2meaninChinese.A.全优B.及格C.中等D.不及格,Inmyearliestmemoriesmyfatherwasatall,handsomeandsuccessfulman.Helovedhisworkandfamily,butwasuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim;asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIwasafraidofhim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightAsinmystudyandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtotryhardtothinkupthingstosaytoprotectmyself.,Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“lifeforms”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Messages.B.Tools.C.Intelligentbeings.D.Radiosignals.,HavebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedEarth?“Probablynot,”saysShostak.“Itsalongwayaway.However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,suchasradiosignals(信号).Infact,theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow,butwedonthavetherighttoolstoreceivetheirmessages.However,thisischanging.By2025,wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother.”,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordascend(inParagraph3)mean?A.sink.B.move.C.rise.D.float.,Thepilotcancontroltheup-and-downmovementsofthehotairballoonbyregulatingtheheatintheenvelope.Toascend,thepilotheatstheairintheenvelopebutwhenthepilotisreadytoland,theairintheballoonisallowedtocoolandtheballoonbecomesheavierthanair.Thismakestheballoongodown.,Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4meansAdosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationCpointouthismistakeD.helphimout,PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighbouringfarmsFor35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblemHowever，oneautumn，thingschangedItbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifferenceThedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothersOnemorningtherewasaknockonPaulsdoorHeopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox“Imlookingforafewdayswork，”thebuildersaid“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder“IdohaveajobforyouLookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)Thatsmybrothersfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromtheriverandmadethecreekButIllgohimonebetterSeethatpileofwoodIwantyoutobuildmeafence，twometerstall，soIwontneedtoseehimanymore”.,语境法因果关系,表示因果关系的特征词：since,as,because,for,so,thus,therefore,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat,so.that,such.that,.,SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhausted”inParagraph4mean?A.TiredB.AngryC.FrightenedD.Regretful,Nowitwastheswansturn.Heflewup,andbeganflyingoverthesea.Thecrowflewafterhim,makingallkindsofcomments(评价)abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldntseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments.Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggletokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.,Theboldword“volume”inParagraphTwoprobablymeans“”.A.thetypeofmusicB.theamountofasoundC.thelengthofasongD.thecolourofanMP3player,KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecanthearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh.,Whatdoes“makeup”meaninthispassage?A.看笑话B.弥补C.哭泣D.询问,ThefamousfatandlazycatGarfieldiscomingtoChina.Inthe“GarfieldTheMovie”,Garfieldactswithrealactors.Hewillmakeyoulaughwithcleverandfunnywords.SometimeshesnotfriendlytohisowerJohnArbuckle.Oneday,JohnbringsOdie,adog,intohishome.Odieiscute.HegetsallJohnslove.ThisturnsGarfieldsworldupsidedown.Garfieldwantsthedogoutofthehouseandhislife.Onenight,hekicksOdieoutofthehouse.ButlaterGarfieldfindsaTVstarcaughtOdie!Themanwantstousethedoginhisshows.GarfieldfeelssorryforOdie.Hethinksheswrong.Hewantstomakeupforit.SoGarfieldgetsoffhisfavoritechairtotrytosavehisfriend.,语境法同义关系,以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义,并列的词或短语（and,or,as.as,like.）,Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.,WhenhadlessonsathomewiththeirgovernessMarionCrawford.Margaretwasoftennaughty.,Thewordgovernessmeans_.A.服务员B.家庭女教师C.牧师D.管家,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordlaunchedmeaninthesecondparagraph?A.取消.B.改善.C.创办.D.改变.,TwoyearsagotheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofSciencelaunchedtheSafeDrinkingWaterIsEssentialsite.Itwassetuptoprovidehigh-qualityscientificinformationaboutimprovingthesafetyofdrinkingwatersupplies.,ThewordextrainParagraph3means.A.正常的B.额外的C.有用的D.少量的,Whydopeopleworksomanyhours?Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttomakemoremoney.However,manycompaniesdontpayovertime.Theirworkersdontgetmorepayformorework.Somepeoplethinkitstheirdutytoworkmorehours.Someareafraidoflosingtheirjobsiftheydontworkmorehours.,Theunderlinedexpressiongivingahandto(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto_.A.questioningB.helpingC.hurtingD.calling,Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegongtohurther?Hedidntlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,Imheretohelpyou,madam.Whydontyouwaitinthecarwhereitswarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme.,Whatdotheunderlinedwords“UVrays”mean?A.沙尘B.闪电C.紫外线D.超声波,Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood,genes（基因）andaging(老化).Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer,itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays.,语境法指代关系,代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人事物,Theunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1refersto_.AphoneusersBmobilephonesCDriversDears,LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephonesYetmanypeoplecontinuetousethemwhiledrivingeventhoughitisdangerous,Thephrase“rushhour”inthispassagemeansinChinese.A.比赛中的冲刺时刻B.一小时内所跑的路程C.(上下班)交通高峰时刻D.匆匆忙忙的一小时,Youcanalsotravelaroundthecitybytaxi.Thisisthemostexpensiveway,butthetaxiwilltakeyoutotheveryplaceyouwishtogoto.Iftrafficisheavy,thetaxiwillbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thisisthe“rushhour”.Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweat”probablymean?A.触摸B.鼓掌C.出汗D.指点,Itwasagreatwaytogethismindoffwhathehadtodolater.Astheygotclosetotheschool,hecouldfeelhisheartbeating.Hishandswerestartingtosweat.Hehatedthis!,Whatdoestheword“snap”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean?A.breakB.changeC.winD.Complain,WhenIthinkaboutthebambootreesabilitytobendandmoveback,theword“resilience”comestomymind.Whenitisusedforaperson,thiswordmeanstheabilitytoreadilyrecover(恢复)fromshock,sadnessoranyothersuffering.Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouweregoingtosnap?Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouwereatyourbreakingpoint?Thankfully,youhavesurvivedtotalkaboutit.,ItinParagraph1means_.A.InformationB.BrainC.AttentionD.Quality,Informationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention,anditsqualitydetermines(决定)howwellitwillbeprocessed,savedandusedafterwards.,FirstIhadtogetthekidstosleep.Thatwasnevereasyatanytimeandtonightitwasevenmoredifficult.Theeldestonewantedtoknowwhyweleftthepartyearly.Itoldhim10:30pmwasnotearly.Asusual,Ireadthemabedtimestory,butIhadtostopmyselfreadingtooquicklyortheywouldlearnmysecret.,Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3refersto_.A.thievesB.parentsC.childrenD.neighbours,TheundedinedwordmotivationinParagraph2meansinChinese.A.动力B.机会C.试验D.条件,AtEastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,studentswillgetacoupon(优惠券)iftheyeatuptheirfood.Studentscancollectcouponsandexchangethemforsmallgifts,suchasbooks,magazines,mobilephonecoversandhandwarmers.Itsbeensuchasurprise,saidLiangZhaoyun,19,astudentattheuniversityinShanghai.Ithasgivenusonemoremotivationtofinishourfood.Themeasureispartofanationaleat-upcampaign(行动)whichisorganizedbystudentstodealwithfoodwasteoncampuses(校园).,解题技巧一语境法,语境法,解题技巧二构词法,构词法,构词法派生法,一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。,unbelievable,believe,否定前缀有：un-，dis-，im-，in-，mis-.（改变词义）,形容词后缀有:-ful,-ing,-ed,-y,-able,-ible,-ical,-al.（改变词性和词义）,Onedayaveryrichfamilywentonatriptothecountryside.Thefatherwantedtoshowhissonhowpoorpeoplelived,sotheyspentadayandanightonthefarmofaverypoorfamily.Whentheygotbackfromtheirtrip,thefatheraskedhisson,Mydearson,howwasthetrip?Verygood,dad!Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelived?thefatherasked.Yeah!Andwhatdidyoulearn?Thesonanswered,Wehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefour.Wehaveapoolthatisinthemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveariverthathasnoend.Wehaveveryexpensivelampsinthegardenandtheyhavethestars.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.,Thewordspeechlessmeans_.A.毫无兴趣的B.寡言少语的C.胸无点墨的D.无话可说的,*speech+less*后缀,Theunderlinedwordquarteredmeans_.A.榨汁B.切成四份C.洗净D.炸碎,*quarter+ed*后缀,Fishandapplesoup?Yes,andyouwontbelievehowdeliciousitis.ThisfirstcameoutofarestaurantinSingapore,butitisnowverypopularasthesoupdujourinChineserestaurants.Ingredients(serves4):1.Wholefish2.apples,quartered,4-6gingerslices(姜片)1bunchofspringonions,cutintopie