课件4 B7 U1 Grammar-动词不定式 (P7-9 in Vic En)

B7U1LivingWell,Grammar-TheInfinitive动词不定式(P7-9inVic.En.),Leadin,Lookatthesentencesandmarktheirusagesaccordingtotheheadingbelow.1Asthesubject(S)2Asthepredicative(P)3Astheobject(O)4Astheobjectcomplement(Oc)5Astheattributive(A)6Astheadverbial(Ad),动词不定式:一、不定式的句法功能二、不定式的否定式三、不定式的省略形式四、不定式的复合结构五、不定式的时态和语态六、不定式的一些补充,Grammar,动词不定式由“_”构成，可以在句中作_等,但不能作_。,一，不定式的句法功能,to+动词原形,主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语,谓语,不定式作主语Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.注意：主谓一致Tomasteraforeignlanguage_noteasy.Toknowwhatisgoodandtodowhatisright_twodifferentthings.注意：形式主语Itis+adj./n.+todo.Itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.,is,are,注意：作介词but/except的宾语Shecoulddonothingbut_toherteacherthatshewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.toadmitD.admittingcandonothingbut/exceptdo“只好”=havenochoicebuttodo=cannotchoose/helpbutdo,A,注意：help后的宾语带不带to均可Shecanthelp_thehousebecausesheisbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleanedcanthelp(to)docanthelpdoing,A,不能帮助做某事,情不自禁/忍不住做,注意：v.短语+sb.+todocallon/waitfor/dependon/relyon/carefor/longfor/wouldlike老师号召我们向雷锋学习。Theteacher_LeiFeng.我可以依靠他来处理这个问题吗？CanI_theproblem?,calledonustolearnfrom,dependonhimtodealwith,不定式作定语注意：不定式作定语多表示将来Thisisthebridge_(build)lastyear.Thisisthebridge_nextyear.注意：first/last/next/only/序数词/最高级+todo他总是第一个到学校的人。Heisalways_school.,built,tobebuilt,thefirstonetogetto,注意：不定式的主动表被动(作定语的不定式与被它所修饰的名词有着主谓关系或者与主语间存在动宾关系)Haveyougotanything_(say)foryourself?(you和say之间有主谓关系)Haveyougotanything_(type),manager?(type的动作不是you/manager发出Thisquestionishard(foryou)_.,tosay,tobetyped,(you和answer之间有主谓关系不定式与主语间存在动宾关系),toanswer,SeeVic.EnP24,注意：不定式若为vi.其后则须有相应的prep.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besatonTherearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,B,B,不定式作状语用法：作目的状语todo/inordertodo/soastodo(不能放句首)Ourteacheralwaysdoeswhatshecan_(help)uswithourstudy._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept,tohelp,A,用法：作原因状语be+adj.+todo很高兴听到这个消息。Iamverygladtohearthenews.用法：作独立成份Totellyouthetruth,Tobehonest,Tobeginwith,Tomakethingsworse,由“not/never+todo”构成Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.=_thetrain.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter_afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive,二，不定式的否定式,A,soas,nottomiss,1、为了避免重复，省略to后的动词2、省略不定式符号to,三、不定式的省略形式,1.to(do)：,(1)expect/wish/hope/mean/intend/like/love/try/want/plan/besupposed/promise后(2)beaboutto/beableto/begoingto/haveto/oughtto/usedto后(3)形容词glad/happy/pleased/kind/lucky/eager/anxious/afraid/willing后,Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto,A,D,-Areyouadoctor?-No,butI_(过去曾经是).(=Iusedtobeadoctor.)-Hehasntfinishedhisworkyet?-Well,he_(本应该完成的).(=Heoughttohavefinishedhiswork.),注意：如果to后面为be/have/havebeen,则不能省略。,usedtobe,oughttohave,2.(to)do：,(1)在使役动词或感官动词后省略to:make/have/letsee/lookat/watch/notice/observe/hear/listento/feel/smellTheyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_fromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrowHedoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning被动语态中to要还原,A,B,(2)两个或两个以上的并列不定式，可省略第二个的to:Herjobistolookafterthechildrenand(to)washclothes.但是若表对比关系时，两个to都不能省略:Itsbettertolaughthantocry.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.,(3)有动词do，则可以省略to:WhatIwanttodois(to)haveagoodrest.Theonlythingyoucandonowis(to)waithere.Icoulddonothingbut_(wait)forher.=Ihadnochoicebut_forher.(4)want/like/wish用在when,if,as等从句中,省略其后的不定式to:Comeandstayaslongasyoulike/wish.,wait,towait,(5)在一些类似于情态动词的短语后+V.原:hadbetter/hadbest/wouldratherdo-thando/(prefertodo)ratherthan/mightaswellTheywouldrather_(go)byairthan_(spend)aweektravellingbytrain.Youhadbetter_(notsmoke)here.Nowthatyouvegotachance,you_(不妨一试).,go,spend,notsmoke,mightaswellhaveatry,(6)有些动词后常跟tobe+形容词/名词,可省略tobe:consider/think/believe/suppose/find/prove/declare我们认为他是我们的朋友。Weconsiderhim(tobe)ourfriend.这个理论证明是正确的。Thistheoryproved(tobe)right.,1、forsb.+todo2、ofsb.+todo,四、不定式的复合结构,对于我们来说学习英语很必要。Itisnecessary_ustolearnEnglish.,for,你把真相说出来了,真诚实。Itishonest_youtotellmethetruth.,of,TolearnEnglishisnecessaryforus.,Youarehonesttotellmethetruth.,(事物的特征),(人的品质),for:说明不定式短语的特征(adj.常表示客观形式，如:important,possible,necessary,strange,easy,difficult)of:说明逻辑主语的品质(adj.常表示主观感情或态度，如:kind,nice,clever,wise,bright,foolish,silly,stupid,brave,right),五、不定式的时态与语态,todo,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tobedoing,(1)一般式：表示动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.(=IhopethatIllseeyouagain.),(同时),(之后),(2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.(3)进行时：表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.,meant/hoped/expected/planned/wanted/intended/wouldlike/besupposed/was+tohavedone(=hadtodo)表示过去未完成或没有实现的愿望Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.=(=Ihadmeanttotellyouaboutit,)Iwastohavegonetotheparty,butIhadavisitoryesterday.,1.allow/permit/forbid/advise+doing/sb.todo2.like/love/hate/continue/begin/start+doing/todo3.stop/goon/mean/try/beafraid/forget/remember/regret+doing/todo4.Iamtoblame./Thehouseistolet.5.不定式的逻辑主语即是句子的主语,六、不定式的一些补充,此房出租,Inordertomakeourcitygreen,wemustplantmoretrees.InordertoimproveEnglish,_.A.JennysfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyD.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennysfather,B,只能接doing的动词有：memepaskcarfeid“妹妹不吃咖啡的”mind/enjoy/miss/escape/practise/admit/avoid/suggest/stand/keep/consider/appreciate/risk/finish/forgive/excuse/imagine/delay/dislike/deny,对比1,含有介词to的动词短语(+doing)有：lookforwardto/devoteto/giveoneslifeto/ge