新人教选修8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading task

ReadingWriting,PharaohTutankhamunwasthemostfamousofallpharaohsbutveryunimportantasarulerashisrulewassoshort.Heruledforabout8or9yearsfrom1334to1325BC.Soweknowmoreabouthimafterhisdeaththanwedo,ReadingTask(P82),NOTE:PharaohTutankhamun,abouthisrulewhenhewasalive.TheEgyptiansbelievedinlifeafterdeath.Sotheygotallthegoodstheywantedtohavewiththeminthenextlifeburiedintheirtomb.Therichertheperson,thegreaterthenumberofgoods.AsTutankhamunwasapharaoh,histombwasfilledwithmanywonderfultreasures.,Italsocontainedstatuesofgodsthatwouldprotecthistombfromevilspiritsorthieveswhomightstealhistreasures.Thewallsofthetomb,too,werecoveredwithspellstopreservethepharaohtillhegotsafelytotheHallofJudgement.Inthesamewayhisbodyinsideitsthreecoffinswasprotectedbyfourgoddessesofthedead.,Bythetombwasaboxcontainingfourjars.Theyheldtheinternalorgansofthedeadpharaoh,whichwereremovedwhenhewasturnedintoamummy.Firsthisbrainwastakenoutofhisheadthroughhisnose.Thenhisorganswereremovedandputintothejars.Only,hisheartwasleftinsidethebody.Finallyhisbodywascoveredinaspecialsaltandleftforfortydaysto“dry”.Afterthistimethebodywasamummyandwasreadytobewrappedupandburied.Aswellasthebodytherewereinstructionsinthecoffinonhowtomakethejourneytotheafterlife.,AnswerkeyforExercise1,Twostatues,/,Black,Wearinggoldshoesandcarryingroyalinsignia,Chairs,Gold,Golden,Withheadsofanimalsandgods,/,/,Flowers,/,/,/,Vases,/,/,Withbeautifulflowerdesigns,Boxes,/,Black,/,Chests,/,White,/,Seat,/,Golden,/,Cart,Gold,Golden,/,1.Howdidtheyknowwhosetombitwas?Theyreadhisnameonablackbox.2.Whydoyouthinktheythoughtthesethingscamefromanothercivilization?Becausetheyweresostrangeandwonderful-morewonderfulthananyonecouldimagine.,AnswerkeyforExercise2,3.WhydidCartergetexcitedwhenhenoticedthedoortothetombwasstillfastened?Becauseitmeantthatthetombhadnotbeenopenedbythieves.,1.Iwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatthievescouldnotstealthefinds.2.Iwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatthesunlightandtemperaturewouldnotaffectthefindsinthetomb.Otherwisethefindsmaybespoiled.,SuggestedanswerstoExercise3,3.IwouldhavetolockthetombsecurelysothatIcouldrecordallthefindscarefully,andIwouldnotwantanyofthefindstobemoved.,LookatthepicturesonP85anddiscussthequestionsbelowthem.TheordershouldbeBAC.TheearliestpyramidisB,whichiscalledsteppyramid.ItwasbuiltduringtheThirdDynasty(2800BC).Steppyramidisgenerallyconsideredthe,Writing,firsttombinEgypttobebuiltentirelyofstoneanywhereintheworld.ThesecondisA.Itwasbuiltinabout2,550B.C.,KingKhufu,thesecondpharaohofthefourthdynasty,commissionedthebuildingofhistombatGiza.Accordingtoarchaeologists,thetopoftheKhufupyramidisina,wayrippedoff,whichisincommonwiththefirstpicture.Thenthethirdoneisthethirdpicture.Itiscalledbentpyramid,whichwasbuiltforKhafre,thefourthpharaohofthefourthdynasty.ThebentpyramidatDahshurshowsusthattheancientEgyptiansexperimentedalotwiththeslopeofthepyramids.Inthemiddleofconstruction,thebuildersmusthavedecidedthattheslopeofthebuildingwastoosteeptocontinue.Thus,thetophalfofthepyramidhasadifferentslope.Thepyramidhadslopingsidessothatthedeadpharaohcouldclimbtotheskyandliveforever.Thepyramidrepresentedtheraysofthesun.,ThefirsttobebuiltwasPyramidNoB.Ithasstepsuptheside,anditlooksasifitwasanattempttobuildsomethingthatwenowcallapyramidshape.Thestepswereawayoforganizingthebuildingandmakingsurethatitwassafe.Thestepslookasifsmallerand,Asampleversion:,smallerboxeswereplacedoneontopoftheothertomakethestepdesign.IthinkthesecondtobebuiltwasPyramidNoC,whichbendsatthetop.Ithassmoothsideswhichthearchitectscouldhavelearnedfrombuildingthesteppyramid.Butthedesignisclearlynotfinishedasthecurveatthetopofthepyramidisnotsmooth.,TheEgyptianarchitectshavenotyetcompletelymasteredtheartofbuildingpyramidswithsmoothlyslopingsides.IthinkthethirdtobebuiltwasPyramidNoA,whichhassmoothandevenlyslopingsides.Itistheshapethatwecall“apyramidshape”today,soitmustbethefinaloneinthisseriousofbuildings.,Fromthepictureswecanseet