新人教选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions-Grammar

,Unit3Inventorsandinventions,Grammar,动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish(英语口语)；icedbeer(冰冻啤酒)；,一、动词-ed形式作定语,cookedfood(熟食);friedchips(炸土豆条);,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater(开水);fallenleaves(落叶);therisensun(升起的太阳)等。,1.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers我的父母都是退休教师。,(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=timewhichislost),(2)后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。1.Everythingusedshouldbemarked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Amongtheinvitedweresomeladies被邀请的人中,有些是女士。3.Thebooksleftareformystudents剩下的书是给我的学生的。,动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。,1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople),3.Wedranksomeboiledwater(=whichhadboiled)andwentonwithourwork.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。,高考题,MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written,3)TheOlympicgames,in776BC,didntincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002年全国春）A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying,5)Mr.Smith,_ofthespeech,startedtoreada_novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring,过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter看完信后,他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。,二、动词-ed形式作表语,常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等,作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Iwasverypleasedatthenews听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。,Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_frommyfriends.(NEMT2001)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed,高考题,3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating,三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。Willyoupleasemakeyourselfheardtous,please?请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话,好吗？,少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态.Theyfoundalltheguestsgonewhentheywokeup.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。,动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。,1.Imustgetmybikerepaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语),(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。,Wethoughtthegamelost我们认为球赛输了。,Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled他们认为这问题解决了。,(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。,Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。,(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：,遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。,完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear他今年已存了1000元。,(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewontlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。,ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。,Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。,1)-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_,madam.(MET89)A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed,高考题,2)Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET94)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.played3)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout,4)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.(上海1999)A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,Exercises,1.Isthisthebikewhichyouwishtohave_?A.repaireditB.repairingC.repairD.repaired,.单项选择：,2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany(明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司),_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,3.Fromthedates_onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked,4.Itwassolargearoomthatahundredpeoplelooked_init.A.losingB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost,5.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,6.With_leaves_intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried,7.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking,8.Friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan_.A.keptB.tobekeptC.tokeepingD.beingkept,9.Dontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known,10.Johnrushedoutinahurry,_thedoor_.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockingD.toleave;unlocking,11.Thegirl_forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks,12.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded,13._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared,14._time,hellmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given15._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.ToloseC.LostD.Havinglost,16._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding,.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：1.JohnSnowtoldthestoryaboutthe_(astonish)peopleinBroadStreet.2.Someofthepeople_(invite)tothepartycouldntcome.3.Thereisacar_(park)outsidethehouse.,astonished,invited,parked,4.Theexperience_(gain)willbeofgreatvaluetous.5.Theseseatsare_(reserve)foryou.6.Thelibraryis_(close)on