广东语法填空题型分析与解题技巧

广东省2012年高考英语语法填空RationalCloze,高三英语组集体备课ppt.,思考：,一、广东省2012年高考英语语法填空题怎样考？二、广东省2012年高考英语语法填空题考什么？三、如何解题？如何备考?,Example,Sportsshouldhelpamantolearnfairness,notonlyingamesbutalsoinandforlife.Iftwoteamsplay_31_game,oneteammustlose.Ifadozenteamsattendanathleticcompetition,_32_teamwillgetthemostpointsandallthe_33_eleventeamswillget_34_points.Ifaschoolteamcomesoutlast,thatisnolossofface._35_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoisadmitthatit_36_(lose).Theonlyintelligentreaction_37_defeatmustbe:nextyearwewilldoourbesttocomeoutontop,becausefromnowonourteamwilldevote_38_toastrictercourseoftrainingundercompetentinstructors.Lessons_39_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.Butevenmore_40_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:inspeech,dramaticandmusicalcontests,in“house”activitiesand,especially,inthestudentcouncil.,Keys:,Sportsshouldhelpamantolearnfairness,notonlyingamesbutalsoinandforlife.Iftwoteamsplay1_game,oneteammustlose.Ifadozenteamsattendanathleticcompetition,2_teamwillgetthemostpointsandallthe3_eleventeamswillget4_points.Ifaschoolteamcomesoutlast,thatisnolossofface.5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoisadmitthatit6_(lose).,a,one,other,fewer,What,lost,文意的贯通,1.Ifadozenteamsattendanathleticcompetition,oneteamwillgetthemostpointsandalltheothereleventeamswillgetfewerpoints.,分析句子,5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoisadmitthatit6_(lose).,通过分析句子结构，知道空格5题所在的是个主语从句，它应该是个做do的宾语；又通过分析句子结构，知道空格6题所在的句子是个宾语从句，动词lose在句中做谓语。,What,lost,Theonlyintelligentreaction7_defeatmustbe:nextyearwewilldoourbesttocomeoutontop,becausefromnowonourteamwilldevote8_toastrictercourseoftrainingundercompetentinstructors.Lessons9_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.Butevenmore10_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:inspeech,dramaticandmusicalcontests,in“house”activitiesand,especially,inthestudentcouncil.,to,itself,learned,valuable,文意的贯通,2.becausefromnowonourteamwilldevoteitselftoastrictercourseoftrainingundercompetentinstructors.,分析句子,Lessons9_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.,通过分析句子，知道动词learn在句子中不做谓语，而做定语，它与其逻辑主语lessons是被动关系，因此应当用过去分词形式。,learned,分析句子,Butevenmore10_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:,通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其正常的句序是：Butthelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschoolaremore_:,因此，空格10题在句子中做“are”的表语，用形容词。,valuable,解题过程中的几个关键问题：,问题一：如何把握语篇特征，整体理解文章主旨？,分析篇章结构,1、文章体裁2、文章的话题3、篇章结构：段落层次及主题句5、中心大意（内容）,分析篇章:,文章的中心大意,文意的理解直接影响你的填词的决定.文段中谈及的要点，发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等.要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场，例如，作者同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等等。,解题过程中的几个关键问题,问题二：如何正确运用所学到的语法知识？,分析句子结构,请看例题中的句子：,_5_thatteamandthatschoolmustdoistoadmitthatit_6_(lose).,通过分析句子结构，知道空格5题所在的是个主语从句，它应该是个做do的宾语；又通过分析句子结构，知道空格6题所在的句子是个宾语从句，动词lose在句中做谓语。,请看例题中的句子,Lessons_9_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.,通过分析句子，知道动词learn在句子中不做谓语，而做定语，它与其逻辑主语lessons是被动关系，因此应当用过去分词形式。,请看例题中的句子,Butevenmore_10_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:,通过分析句子，知道这个句子是个倒装句，其正常的句序是：Butthelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschoolaremore_:,因此，空格10题在句子中做“are”的表语，用形容词。,英语句型结构：,(1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补)(2)主语+系动词+表语,充当各个句子成分的典型词类,(1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是：(2)充当谓语的一定是：(3)充当补语或表语的典型词类是：(4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是：(5)作状语的典型词类是：,名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等,动词,形容词,形容词或形容词性物主代词,副词,并列句和复合句,并列句：,简单句并列连词简单句,复合句：,主句（主谓宾）从句（连接词主谓）,两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。,连词主要有以下四类：,(1)并列句：,用and,but,or,while(而，却),when(就在这个时候)等,(2)状语从句：(3)定语从句：(4)名词从句：,用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等,用who,which,that,when,where,why等,用that,if/whether(是否),wh-等,解题过程中的几个关键问题,问题三：如何保证全文语意的贯通?,学习例题中的语意的贯通,请朗读例题一遍，学习例题中的语意的贯通。,1.Ifadozenteamsattendanathleticcompetition,oneteamwillgetthemostpointsandalltheothereleventeamswillgetfewerpoints.2.becausefromnowonourteamwilldevoteitselftoastrictercourseoftrainingundercompetentinstructors.,保证全文语意的贯通,一、注意词汇的复现关系：指某一个词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词等出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系得以相互衔接。,例如：,Peopleestablishnewcompaniestomakeandservegoodsbecausetheywanttomakea1_.Theyworktoimprovetheirgoodsandservices,todevisenewproductsandtomakeaprofit.Aproductmustbesomethingthat2_willchoosetobuy.Thisgivestheconsumerssomepower.Whatevertheyarewillingandabletobuyiscalleddemand.3_ismadeandofferedforsaleiscalledsupply.Thedemandforaproductorservicealwaysaffectsthe4_ofthatproductorservice.Forexample,5_consumersbuyonlysmallcars,car-makerswillkeeponmakingthem.Ifconsumersbuylarge6_,car-makerswillmaketheseinstead.Sometimes,thequalityoftheservicethatisavailablewilldecidewhichcarsarebought.,profit,consumers,whatever,supply,if,cars/ones,Keys:,1.profit,和下文重现。2.consumers,和下文重现.3.whatever,和上文重现,构成并列结构。4.supply,和上文重现。5.if,和下文重现，构成并列结构。6.cars或ones，和上文重现。,保证全文语意的贯通,二、注意词汇的同现关系：指词汇共同出现的倾向。如：1Somepeopleprefertoliveinthecity,_liketoliveinthecountryside.此处应该填others,二者总是同时出现。2Humanbrainshavetwosides,the_sideandtherightone.此处应该填left.根据上下文，大脑分为两边，下文为右边，上文应为左边，左和右同现。,保证全文语意的贯通,三、注意句子之间的逻辑关系。,1、表示列举的连词：,firstly,secondly,thirdly;one,two,three;foronethingforanother;inthefirstplaceinthesecondplace;tobeginwith,then,finally,.,2、表示递进的连词：,again,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whatsmore,inaddition,aboveall,inparticular,equally，likewise,inthesameway,worsestill,etc.,表示总结的连词：,altogether,overall,then,therefore,thus,allinall,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,etc.,表示解释的连词：,namely,especially,forexample,forinstance,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,etc.,表示对比的连词：,actually,rather,ontheotherhand,incontrast,onthecontrary,etc.,表示原因的连词：,because,for,since,as,nowthat,consideringthat,inthatetc,表示结果的连词：,accordingly,consequently,hence,so,thus,therefore,asaresult,asaconsequenceetc.,表示转折或让步的连词,anyhow，anyway,however,nevertheless，though,although,as,yet,etc.,小结1：怎样考？,1.语法填空的设题一般是一篇150词左右的文段，空出10个空格（其中，7-8个自由填空，2-3个提示性填空）2.该题共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分。3.要求根据上下文意思填入恰当的具一定语法功能的词和词形变换两个方面。不限定一个词。,小结2：考什么？,考查目标：它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。该题不仅考查语言知识的记忆与再现，更重要的是考查学生在语篇层面上对语言知识的运用能力。,小结3：如何解题?,解题四步口诀：一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意贯通。,总结：如何备考？,备考策略夯实语言、语法知识基础强化句子、篇章结构分析能力提高语言综合运用水平加强文意贯通能力,Attention,不要花大量的时间去钻难题、偏题和怪题，而要牢牢掌握最常用的语法要点，达到运用自如。2012年语法填空题考高分的同学将不是经常钻难题的同学，而是能够熟练和准确地应用基础语法的同学，减少基础题的失误就能拿高分。,尝试命题,语法填空中的考点：语法填空主要考查动词、非谓语动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词，形容词、副词、还有可能考习惯用语、特殊句型等。,考点分布,请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_1_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_2_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_3_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._4_firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebroke5_onthe11thfloor.6_knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan_7_(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8_itwasimpossibletocontrol_9_.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove10_(escape).,Onepossibleversion,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.,which/that,before,floors,The,Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebroke_onthe11thfloor._knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan_(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_itwasimpossibletocontrol_.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove_(escape).,out,Noone/Nobody,electrical,but,it,toescape,考点分布,Homework,1)Grammaritemsrevision.2)Domoreexercises.,Mayyousucceed!,Exercise:,Haveyoueverbeeninameeting_1_someonewasmakinga