新概念英语38课

,L38Everythingexcepttheweather,ThesightsinMediterranean,Mediterraneanmeditreinin(the)地中海,Mediterraneann.地中海（=Mediterraneansea,位于欧,亚,非三大洲之间）,地中海沿岸的居民adj.地中海的,地中海民族的地中海气候属于夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和湿润的气候类型。分布于南、北纬3040间的大陆西岸，如美国加利福尼亚州的太平洋沿岸，智利沿海，澳大利亚南部沿海地区和非洲南部的开普敦地区。以地中海地区最为典型。气候温和湿润。冬季气温510，夏季2127,Asisknowtoall,atypicalEnglishgentlemanusuallytakesanumbrellawithhim.,Similarly,whenpeopletheremeetothers,theyusuallybeginwiththeweather.,Letushaveatest,Herearesomeproverbs,guesstherightmeaning.,Itsrianingcatsanddogs.,下得倾盆大雨,Amistymorningmayhaveafineday.,早晨有雾露，可能是晴天。,Agoodwinterbringsagoodsummer,瑞雪兆丰年,Complain抱怨,complainv.抱怨,complaintosb.向某人抱怨complainof/aboutsth.抱怨某事我们没有什么可发牢骚的Wehavenothingtocomplainof.不要向我抱怨了！Dontcomplaintome!,continuouslyadv.不断地，连续地（指动作中间没有间断）你不许连续看很长时间的电视。YoumustntwatchTVforsuchalongtimecontinuously.这架飞机可以连续飞行20小时。Thisplanecanflycontinuouslyfortwentyhours.continuallyadv.频繁地，反复地（指动作中间有间断但又持续很久）天频繁地下雨。Itrainedcontinually.小婴儿不停地哭。Thebabycriescontinually.,Raincontinuely不断地下雨,exceptprep.除了以外except/besides/apartfrom/but,1)besides表示“以外，（还，也）（包括）”除了英语，他们还学习数学、医学和化学。BesidesEnglish,theyalsostudymath,physicsandchemistry.2)except表示“除外”（不包括）除了星期天，他每天早上都起得很早。HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.,exceptprep.除了以外except/besides/apartfrom/but,3）apartfrom既可以包括也可以不包括除了这封信，我什么都不知道。Apartfromthisletter,Iknownothing.4)but常与no，nobodyall,everywhere等连用除了主席，所有的人都准时在这儿。Theywereallthereontimebutthechairman.,bitterlyadv,bitteradja.生气、沮丧对于失去工作他们感到非常的生气。Theyareverybitteraboutlosingthejobs.b.苦的那药尝起来是苦的。Themedicinetastedbitter.c.表示“令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”。课文中bitterlycold是“副词形容词”的用法，同样是表示“非常冷、令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”的意思。bitterlydisappointed彻底的失望,Bitterlycold刺骨的冷,Sunshine阳光,sunshinen阳光也可直接用“sun”表示阳光,adropofsunshine一缕阳光sunrise日出sunset日落suntan晒黑dawn黎明dusk黄昏,nosoonerthan一就（关联词，引导时间状语从句。主句里常用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时hadnosoonerdonethan+一般过去时,固定用法(时态结构:完成时态+than+一般过去时)他一到就打电话给我。Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhecalledmeup.nosooner放在句首就要倒装Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhecalledmeup.(倒装)他一开始讲话就被打断了。（倒装句）Nosoonerhadhebegunspeakingthanhewasinterrupted.,morethan表示“超过的范围”这条新闻我难以相信。ThispieceofnewsismorethanIcanbelieve.Icantaffordit.ItismorethanIcanafford.hardlywhen还没来得及就，用法同nosoonerthanhardlyhadsbdonewhen(hardly在句首,要倒装)当被打晕的时候，他还没来得及睁开眼睛。Hehadhardlyopenedhiseyeswhenhewasknockedout.（knockout:打晕,击倒）Hardlyhadhegotintothebuswhenitbeganmoving.,asif(sometimessubjunctivemood)他装作好像认识我一样。Heactsasifheknewme.(事实上并不知道我)他们对待我好像陌生人一样。TheytreatmeasifIwereastranger.天好像要下雨了。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain(天要下雨)连词asif/though引导方式状语从句，通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面。,simplepasttenseandpresentperfecttense,（Simplepasttense一般过去时）,1.Hehasheardthesongbefore.,（Presentperfecttense现在完成时）,3.Hesaidhehadheardthesongtwoyearsbefore.,（Pastperfecttense过去完成时）,2.Heheardittwoyearsago.,Presentperfecttense现在完成时,现在完成时,结构：,助动词have/has+动词的过去分词,用法1：,1.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,N,P,F,3.He_(lose)hiskey,andhecantgetintohishousenow.,haslost,2.Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.,现在完成时,用法1：,already,yet,just,ever,never,before,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,时间状语：,两“去”,Have/hasbeen(to)Have/hasgone(to),去过某地,去了某地,have/hasbeenin,来/去/到/在某地,他来中国两年了,HehasbeeninChinafortwoyears.,have/hasbeen(to)去过某地,我以前从未去过那儿,他们去过英国两次了,你曾经去过美国吗？,你去那里了？我去老师办公室了,Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.,IhavebeentoEnglandtwice.,HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?,-Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ihavebeentotheteachersoffice.,anotherplace,have/hasgoneto去了某地,Tomisnthere.He_Beijing.2.-WhereisMr.Li?-He_Beijing,andhewillcomebackintwoweeks.,hasgoneto,hasgoneto,anotherplace,用法2：,表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在（包括现在在内）的动作或状态,N,P,F,时间状语：,1.for+一段时间,2.since过去时间点,yesterday,last,threedaysago,1997,thismorning,then,since过去时句子,3.howlong,sinceIwasborn,现在完成时,WehavelearnedEnglishforsixyears.,Hehasworkedinthefactorysinceheleftschool.,TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1980.,Howlonghaveyoustudiedinthisschool?,现在完成时,用法2：,1.我们学英语六年了2.自1980年起他们就住在北京了3.自他毕业起他就在这个工厂工作了4.你在这个学校学习多长时间了,have,keep,beaway(from),bein,beon,bedead,beamemberofbein,bein,遇到表示一段时间的时间状语,瞬间动词必须改成延续性动词或短语。,buy_borrow_begin_leave_die_come/goto_join_arriveat/reach/getto_,现在完成时,用法2：,现在完成时,时间状语：,inthepast/lastfewyearsrecentlyinrecentyears/months/daysbynow/sofar/uptonow,PleasetranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,李雷买这本字典3天了。Lilei_forthreedays.2.他们搬到这儿他的爷爷就去世了Hisgrandfather_sincetheymovedhere.3.他两年前就离开家乡了He_sincetwoyearsago.,hashadthedictionary,hasbeendead,hasbeenawayfromhishometown,Letsdosomeexercises:,hasntbeen,hassnowed,hasdeveloped,hasturned,1.There_(notbe)muchraininmyhometownsincethebeginningofthismonth.(2005无锡市中考）2.It_（snow)twiceinhishometownsinceaweekago.(2006无锡市中考）3.Sofar,China_(develop)about1,360kindsofgreenfood.(2007无锡市中考）4.Look,thesmallparkhere_(turn)intoathreater.,pastperfecttense过去完成时,过去完成时,结构：,助动词had+动词的过去分词,用法一：,动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,P,N,F,时间状语：,by+过去时间,bythetime+过去时的句子,when/before+过去时的句子,过去完成时,用法一：,4.Bytheendoflastyear,theyhadbuiltmorethantenbridges.,3.Shehadtogobacktoshool,becauseshehasleftherbookthere.,2.Thetrainhadalreadyleftwhenarrivedatthestation.,1.ShehadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.,动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,用法二：,过去完成时,表示从过去某一个时候开始持续到过去的另一时间动作或状态,1.Thefilmhadbeenonfortenminuteswhenwearrivedatthecinema.,2.Shehadworkedinthefactorybytheendoflastyear.,P,N,F,1.Whenhisgrandmothersawagain,he_(grow)upintoatallyoundman.(2005无锡市中考）2.XiaoWangdidntwanttotellmeanythingaboutwhathe_just_(hear).(2006无锡市中考）3.Bythetimeshewasfifteen,Kitty_(teach)herselfaforeignlanguage.(2006无锡市中考）,Letsdosomepractice:,hadtaught,hadheard,hadgrown,Presentperfecttenseandpastperfec