非谓语动词-过去分词的用法

Grammar,TheUseOfV-ed,动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作补语动词-ed形式作状语,过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。,动词-ed形式作定语,及物动词的过去分词作定语除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish；icedbeer；cookedfood;friedchips;不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater;fallenleaves，therisensun等。,1.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers,Thegroundiscoveredby_(fall)leaves.,fallen,PastParticipleusedasattribute,Sheisdrinking_(boil)water.,boiled,Sheisdrinkingthewaterwhichwasboiled.,动词-ed形式作定语时，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople),破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。_willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.,昨天买的书确实不错。Thebooks_areofhighquality.=thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.,Thebrokenwindow,boughtyesterday,Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.,MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written,高考题,3)TheOlympicgames,in776BC,didntincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying,5)Mr.Smith,_ofthespeech,startedtoreada_novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring,过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。如:IminterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYong.Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymovedHeseemedquitedelightedattheidea,动词-ed形式作表语,常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等,作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Iwasverypleasedatthenews听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。,PastParticipleusedaspredicative,Theshopis_(close).,closed,Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_(pay)bythehour.,paid,Therearetwoglasseswhichare_(break).,broken,Therearetwobrokenglasses.,Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.,1)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed2)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating,高考题,动词-ed形式作补语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示“被动”或“完成”意义，作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。ShefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecamebackMygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt,(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。,Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofbyothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled他们认为这问题解决了。,(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。,(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：,遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。,完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear他今年已存了1000元。,(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewontlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。,(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。,1.我们发现她变了很多。_.2.什么使他们这样害怕？_.3.他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。Hewontlikesuchquestions_,Wefoundhergreatlychanged,Whatmadethemsofrightened?,discussedatthemeeting,1)-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed,高考题,2)Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.played3)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout,4)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去分词状语相当于状语从句,若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,即是该分词动作的承受者。,动词-ed形式作状语,ChinaPavilion,WhenChinaPavilionisseenfromthedistance,itlookslikeaChinesecrown(皇冠).,Whenseenfromthedistance,ChinaPavilionlookslikeaChinesecrown.,Footprints东方足迹,Becausethetreesweredecoratedwithcolorfullights,theymadeanexcellentimpressiononus.,Becausedecoratedwithcolorfullights,thetreesmadeanexcellentimpressiononus,Ifwearegivenachancetogoonatripbyrailcar,called“tourofwisdom”,weshouldtreasureit.,TheDialogue寻觅之旅,Ifgivenachancetogoonatripbyrailcar,called“tourofwisdom”,weshouldtreasureit.,WeenteredSection3lowcarbonexhibition,aswewerefollowedbyagroupofbeautifulgirlmodels.,TheVision低碳行动,Followedbyagroupofbeautifulgirlmodels,WeenteredSection3lowcarbonexhibition.,Whatwefeltafterthetrip,Thoughwewereexhausted,wespentameaningfulandunforgettabletimeinit.,Thoughexhausted,wespentameaningfulandunforgettabletimeinit.,高考题,_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.If_thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven,3._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesntseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared4._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed,5.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited6.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,7._forhisexpertadvice,Holmeswasabletohelpagreatnumberofpeoplewiththeirpersonalaffairs.A.HewasknownB.WellknownC.HavingknownD.Beenknown,现在分词与过去分词的区别:在定语中现在分词作定语常表示“主动”和“进行”,过去分词则常表示“被动”和“完成”;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。,Iknowthemanstandingthere.主动Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?被动,现在分词:表示正在进行的动作,过去分词:表示完成的意思,therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun已经升起的太阳,thefallingleaves正在落下的叶子thefallenleaves落叶（已经完成）,boilingwater沸腾的水boiledwater开水,过去分词和V-ing形式都可以看做一个形容词，但是：表主动的,进行的，-含有“令人”之意表被动的,完成的，-含有“感到”之意,V-ing形式,过去分词,在表语中,Atthesightofthe_scene,allthepeoplepresentwere_totears.看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。,move,moved,moving,Weget_whenweseethis_picture.,excited,exciting,excite,amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;astonishing,astonished等。,英语中这样的分词还有很多,如：,注意:作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:Thebookiswellwritten.(表语)Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.(被动语态),在宾语补足语中现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。如:Iheardsomeonecallingme.Iheardmynamecalled.我听见有人喊我。,在状语中过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。,Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitybeautiful.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecityisverybeautiful.,实战高考,1._(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeopleshealth.2.Theproblem_(在会议上讨论的)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.,Polluted,discussedatthemeeting,完成句子。,3.Hebecame_(兴奋)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.4.Iam_(感兴趣)inthestory.5.Ihaventgotthefilm_(冲洗)yet.6.Doyouknowtheman_(站)besidethedoor?,excited,interested,developed,standing,7.JohnSnowtoldthestoryaboutthe_(astonish)peopleinBroadStreet.8.Someofthepeople_(invite)tothepartycouldntcome.9.Thereisacar_(park)outsidethehouse.,astonished,invited,parked,10.Theexperience_(gain)willbeofgreatvaluetous.11.Theseseatsare_(reserve)foryou.12.Thelibraryis_(close)onweekends.13.Dontdrinkthe_(pollute)water.14.The_(worry)motherlookedather_(worry)son,looking_(worry).,gained,reserved,closed,polluted,worried,worrying,worried,单项选择：1.Youcanmakeyourself_inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood2.-Thereisaholeinyourbag.-Iknow.Imgoingtohaveit_.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended,D,C,3.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made,4.Englishisalanguage_allaroundtheworldandisthe_languageofmostinternationalorganizations.tospeak,workingB.spoken,workingC.speaking,workedD.spoken,worked,B,B,5.A:Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?B:Agroup_itselftheLeagueforPeace.A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled6.Therewasaterriblenoise_asuddenburstoflight.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed,A,B,7.Howtofeeda_populationisaproblemthatis_manypeople.growing,troublingB.grown,troubledC.growing,troubledD.grown,troubling8.Hefoundamagazine_withtheownersname_onthedeskwiththebackcover_off.marking,lying,tornB.marked,lying,tornC.marked,laid,tearingD.marking,laying,tearing,A,B,9.Fromthedates_onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked10.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry,11.With_leaves_intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried12.Friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan_.A.keptB.tobekeptC.tokeepingD.beingkept,13.Dontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known14.Johnrushedoutinahurry,_thedoor_.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockingD.toleave;unlocking,15.Thegirl_forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks16.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded,17.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,18.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained,B,D,19.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome_.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted20.Hetriedto_inJapanese.A.understandhimselfB.makehimselfunderstandingC.makehimselfunderstoodD.maketounderstand,Heglancedoverather,_thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.havingnotedB.notedC.tonoteD.noting22._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,23.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt24._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding,25._time,hellmakeafirstclassten