【与名师对话】2015届高三英语（人教版）总复习语法专题课件：名词性从句（共54张ppt）

考点一主语从句1主语从句的引导词通常是：who，that，which，what，when，where，how，whether，why等。考题印证_ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake foods.AAs BIt CThat DWhat,解析what在这里引导主语从句，选D项。此题要注意分析句子结构，如果题干改为：_ is known to us all，the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake foods. 该句空处应用As，As引导非限制性定语从句；_ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake foods.该句空处则应用It，It作形式主语。答案D,2it作形式主语。主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，即：Itbeadj./n.thatclause。It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in yourself.其他人怎么认为你不关你的事，相信自己。,考题印证It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy解析句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。it在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。答案D,3whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句。(1)whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何的人都，凡是的人都”。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论是谁违反法律都将受到惩罚。(2)whatever相当于anything that，表示“所的一切，无论”。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切都要保密。,(3)whichever意为“无论哪个；无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。,考题印证_the forest should be punished.AAnyone sets fire to BWhoever sets fire toC .Who sets fire to DOne sets fire to解析句意：任何纵火焚烧森林的人都应该受到惩罚。这里是Whoever引导的名词性从句，作句子的主语。答案B,考点二宾语从句1宾语从句的引导词：that，what，whether，if，where，when，whatever，whoever等。2由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。You may do whatever (anything that) you like.你可以做任何你喜欢的事。,3介词后的宾语从句。Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。4形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)。Were glad that our football team has won the match.我们很高兴我们的足球队赢了比赛。,5it作形式宾语。在“及物动词宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们应花更多时间练习英语口语。,考题印证(2012四川卷)Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.Awhen Bhow Cthat Dwhether解析句意：科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制作电脑。此句中指大脑运转的方式，因此应选用how。答案B,考点三表语从句that和what引导的表语从句的区别。that引导表语从句时，充当连词的作用，没有实际意义，不作句子成分；what引导的表语从句，既充当连接代词的作用，又作句子成分。,考题印证The reason for Toms failure in the exam was _ he didnt work hard.Awhy Bbecause Cwhether Dthat解析he didnt work hard是that引导的表语从句。“the reason for.is/was that.”表示“的原因是”。答案D,考点四同位语从句1同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面的名词的具体的含义。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if不能代替whether来引导同位语从句),2同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”),考题印证Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere解析名词evidence的含义是“迹象，证明”，空后的“吸烟会导致许多疾病”就是evidence的具体内容。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分。句意：现代科学有充分的证据表明吸烟会导致多种疾病。答案C,考点五“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。,The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job.那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。,考题印证At the evening party the host said _ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.Awhoever BwhoCno matter who Dwhomever解析此处whoeveranyone who引导主语从句，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。答案A,名师点悟(1)从句类型判断法名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句类型不同，引导从句的连词也不尽相同，确定了从句类型，也就确定了引导该类从句的连词。判断的方法就是根据从句在整个句子中的位置。,考题印证Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew_she was so angry.Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy解析句意：Cindy 用力关上门并且大哭了起来，办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。从句在动词know 后，故为宾语从句，且从句中缺少状语，根据句意分析，D项正确。答案D,(2)从句成分分析法引导名词性从句的连词分三类：第一类为that，在从句中不担任成分，本身无意义；第二类whether/if 类，本身有意义，在从句中不担任成分；第三类为wh类及how，as if，because 等，本身有意义，在从句中担任成分。What，which，who，whom，whose 等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；when，where，why，how，because 等在从句中作状语。通过分析从句，可以明了从句是否缺成分，缺什么成分，从而确定连词的种类。,考题印证As a new graduate，he doesnt know_it takes to start a business here.Ahow Bwhat Cwhen Dwhich解析句意：作为一名新的毕业生，他不知道在这里创业需要些什么。what 在宾语从句中充当takes 的宾语。本题可采用句式还原法解题，只要把宾语从句还原成It takes.to do sth. 句式，即可轻松得出答案。答案B,2(2013河北衡水中学二模改编)Never stop doing _ you are fond of.解析句意：一定不要停止做你喜欢做的事。横线引导的部分作do的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填whatever。答案whatever,3(2013辽宁五校协作体高三联考改编)Many online games are full of violence，which does harm to the development of the children.And thats_my concern lies.解析句意：许多网络游戏充满了暴力，这对孩子们的发展有害。那就是我所担心的地方。此处是where引导的表语从句，where在表语从句中作地点状语。答案where,4It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.解析句意：旧的公共汽车站是否会被一个现代化宾馆替代这一问题还在讨论中。it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺成分；根据句意使用连接词whether。也可以根据whether. or not的固定搭配解题。答案whether,5(2013河北保定八校联考改编)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a typhoon may be on its way.解析句意：我们刚在收音机里听到警报说，台风即将来袭。a typhoon may be on its way是warning的具体内容，因此that引导同位语从句。从句中不缺少句子成分，意义也完整。答案that,6(2013安徽名校联考改编)_ some students are not aware of is _ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.解析句意：一些学生没有意识到的是如果他们不专心学习，生活可能会是多么艰难。 _ some students are not aware of为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，表示事物，且语境中并无选择含义，故用what引导；_ difficult life can be为表语从句，其中life为主语，横线后为形容词，故用how引导。答案What；how,7(2013陕西卷改编)It remains to be seen_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.解析句意：新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。it作形式主语，真正的主语为seen后的主语从句。从句中结构完整，根据句意应填whether，表示“是否”。答案whether,8(2013山东滨州模拟改编)_ drew his attention，he told me，was what she was inside，not her appearance.解析what引导从句作was的主语，同时what又在从句中作drew的主语。句意：他告诉我说，引导他注意的是她的内心而不是她的外表。答案What,9(2013重庆卷改编)_struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.解析句意：这部影片最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句；主语从句中缺少主语，故应用what引导。答案What,10(2013新课标全国卷改编)Police have found_appears to be the lost ancient statue.解析句意：警察已经发现了看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。动词found后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指物，故用引导词what引导。答案what,11From space，the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.答案because12_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案What,13Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.答案how14It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.答案why15Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.答案that,.单句改错1We cant decide if to take up tennis or football._解析动词decide后的宾语从句，只用whether引导不用if。答案if改为whether,2The meetings decision is all workers should work two more hours every day._解析表语从句中的that不能省略。答案is后加that,3The news which a serious earthquake happened in her hometown made her upset._解析the news后面是同位语从句，且引导词在从句中不作任何成分，故用that。答案which改为that,4Im sure if he can pass the exam._解析Im sure后的从句用that引导不用if。答案if改为that,5It depends on if we have much money._解析介词后的宾语从句只用whether引导不用if。答案if改为whether6I dont know if or not Tom has passed the examination._解析与or not直接连用时，只用whether引导不用if。答案if改为whether,7The reason why they were always poor was which they paid little attention to education._解析当主语为the reason时，后面的表语从句只能用that引导。答案which改为that,8Whatever he needs is your understanding._解析表示具体的内容用what，而whatever意为“无论什么”。答案Whatever改为What9What I have been admitted into the Beijing University excited me._解析引导词引导主语从句，位于句首，且在从句中不作任何成分，故用that。答案What改为That,10Do you know how do they want to show love?_解析宾语从句中要用陈述语序。答案去掉第二个do,(附)单项填空1(2013安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich解析句意：莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这让中国人长期以来的一个梦想变成现实。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代主句所表达的整个内容。答案D,2_ was known to them that the boss had broken his promise _ he would give them a rise.AWhat；what BIt；whichCIt；that DAs；that解析第一个that从句是真正的主语，所以用it作形式主语；第二空后的内容是对promise的具体内容的说明，是同位语从句，从句不缺少句子成分，且意义完整。故选C。答案C,3(2013江西卷)_one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.AWhoever BWhatever CWhichever DWherever解析句意：你们当中无论哪一个打破了窗户都要赔偿。此处要用whichever 作one的定语。因此C项正确。答案C,4(2013天津卷)_I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.AThat BWhich CWhether DWhat解析“_I want to tell you”是主语从句，同时从句中tell后面接双宾语，此处缺直接宾语，而what 既能引导主语从句，又能在从句中作tell 的宾语。句意：我要告诉你的就是我对我父母深深的爱和尊敬。故选D项。答案D,5(2013北京卷)Experts believe_people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.Awhy Bwhere Cthat Dwhat解析句意：专家们认为，只有当必需的时候才去购物可以减少人们对食物的浪费。believe 后面的宾语从句不缺少任何成分，所以用that 引导。答案C,6(2013山东卷)Its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while were away.Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat解析句意：得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。此处it 为形式主语，to know.不定式结构为真正的