高中英语语法 九大状语从句讲解大全(附练习和答案)

1 【高中语法【高中语法状语从句专辑】状语从句专辑】 状语从句和名词性从句、 定语从句一样是高考的高频考点。 通过对近年高考题的分析， 可以预测 2012 年对状语从句的考查仍将集中在对引导几大状语从句的连词的考查上。 状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、 地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和 特殊的连接词即考点。 九种状语从句及常见的引导词九种状语从句及常见的引导词 1、 【时间状语从句】 ：when, while, as, before, after, since（自从自从以来以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一刚一马上马上 就就), once(一旦一旦), whenever等。特殊引导词：等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant=instantly , immediately , directly,no sooner than,hardly when,scarcely when (1) while引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示表示“然而然而”的时候，的时候， 就不是时间状语从句就不是时间状语从句； 表示表示 “虽然虽然” 的时候的时候， 是让步状语从句是让步状语从句， 这是必须放句首且不能倒装这是必须放句首且不能倒装。(2) when除除 了表示了表示“当当时时” （两个短暂性动作同时发生两个短暂性动作同时发生） ，还可以表示还可以表示“就在那时就在那时” ，在前一个动作刚结束时就发在前一个动作刚结束时就发 生的新动作。生的新动作。如 I just locked my door when the postman arrived. (3) as和和when一样，一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边一边一边一边” “随着随着”(4)党党 表示表示“一一就就”的连接词时的连接词时，可以用到可以用到no sooner than,hardly when,scarcely when，但但 是当是当hardly, scarcely, no sooner放于句首时放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装主句必须部分倒装；主句时态用过去完成时主句时态用过去完成时，从句用一般过从句用一般过 去式去式。如：No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang.Hardly had I arrived there when it began to rain.(5) before是高考常考的连接是高考常考的连接 词词， 表示表示“在做成某事前在做成某事前， 需要多久需要多久”， 常用过去时和将来时中常用过去时和将来时中。(6) notuntil， 在强调句中在强调句中， 要用到要用到It is(was) not untilthat；而而not until置于句首时置于句首时，需要部分倒装需要部分倒装。(7) since常用的句型是常用的句型是：It is (has been) +时时 间间since +过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使 用过去完成时。用过去完成时。(8)在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从 现现） 。(9) whenever引导时间状语从句，引导时间状语从句，如 Give us a call whenever you need our service. 虽然此处可以等于虽然此处可以等于no matter when,意义一致意义一致，但但no matter when只能引导让步状语从句只能引导让步状语从句，意为意为“不管什不管什 么时候么时候” 。(10)时间状语从句也可用时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。分词来表示。如 Thinking of him, she couldnt help weeping. 此时 thinking of him= when she thought of him. （2011四川卷）6As it reported, it is 100 years _ Tsinghua University was founded 【D】 AwhenBbeforeCafterDsince 2、 【地点状语从句】 ：where和和wherever。(1) where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词没有先行词！(有有 了先行词就是定语从句了了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的所以状语从句中的where不能和不能和in which等互换等互换)（2）wherever表示表示“无论无论 什么地方什么地方” ，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where，引导地点状语时，它总，引导地点状语时，它总 是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。 Where there is a will，there is a way. Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world. 3、 【原因状语从句】 ： because, as, for, since, now that. (1)回答回答why的疑问句，只能用的疑问句，只能用because回答；并回答；并 且强调句中且强调句中， 对原因状语强调时对原因状语强调时， 只能只能用用because引导引导， 如如It was because I got up late that I was late for class. (2) as语气比语气比because弱弱(3) since= now that， 表表“既然既然”， 表明显的原因或事实表明显的原因或事实， 总是位于主句前总是位于主句前。Now that 具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(4) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号 隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。如：隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。如：It is morning now, for the birds are singing再如：再如： 2 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning （两句中两句中for都都表结果表结果，倒果为因，倒果为因） 特殊引导词特殊引导词：seeing that, in that, considering that, given that。(1) in that是复合连词是复合连词，表示表示“在于在于，在在方方 面面”;(2) considering that = seeing that意为意为 “既然既然； ” “考虑到考虑到” ，如： considering that I cant afford another test fee, I must pass it this time.(3)所有引导原因状语的单所有引导原因状语的单 词，都不能和词，都不能和so连用。连用。 （2010 辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 【C】 AalthoughBunlessCbecauseDif 4、 【目的状语从句】 ： so that（以便以便）, in order that（以便以便） ，lest,in case,for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that,to the end that等等。(1) lest, in case, for fear that意为意为“以防万一以防万一” ，引导的目的状，引导的目的状 语从句经常要使用虚拟语气语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；(2) so that从句常放主句后从句常放主句后，in order that放在主句前或后都可以放在主句前或后都可以。(3) so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时， 为目的状语从句，为目的状语从句，如 Just tell me what subject youd like me to talk on so that I could get some notes ready. .若从句谓语不用情态动词若从句谓语不用情态动词， 而多用过去时而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句则该句是结果状语从句。 如：I took an early bus so that I got there in time.We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked tidier. （2011山东卷）28He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture 【C】 Aeven ifBif onlyCin caseDso that 5、 【结果状语从句】 ： so that,sothat,suchthat(1) so that做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区 别，上面已经讲到了。别，上面已经讲到了。(2) so +形容词形容词(副词副词) + that.;such + (形容词形容词)+名词名词+that;(3)遇到遇到many, much, few, little表数量的形容词时表数量的形容词时， 不管后面有没有名词不管后面有没有名词， 前面都要用前面都要用so。 注意例外注意例外：such a little boy (此此 处处little是是“小小”的意思的意思) (4) sothat或或suchthat置于句首时，则要部分倒装。置于句首时，则要部分倒装。 He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. Such a cold day was that Sunday that we had to stay at home. So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 6、 【条件状语从句】 ： if,unless,if only,as(so) long as,supposing that,providing that,on condition that,given that都可引导条件状语从句。都可引导条件状语从句。(1) unless意为意为“除非，如果不除非，如果不”=if not(2) if only必须用虚必须用虚 拟语气拟语气。(3) as (so) long as意为意为“只要只要” ，没区别没区别，但除非表示但除非表示“与与一样长一样长”的时候的时候，这时这时so long as 则常用于否定句。则常用于否定句。(4) supposing that = suppose that表假设表假设(5) providing that= provided that,意为意为“如果如果， 只要只要” 。(6) on condition that表示表示“以以为条件为条件” 。(7) given that意为意为“倘若考虑到倘若考虑到” 。(8) if条件句条件句 有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，如：Think hard, youll come up with a good idea. Not giving up, you will be able to succeed.(8)条件状语从句的主条件状语从句的主 句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。 （主将从现）（主将从现） （2010 上海）39.our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. 【B】 A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. After 7、 【方式状语从句】 ： as, as if/though, the way。(1) as if = as though,意为意为“好想，仿佛好想，仿佛” ，用法相同，用法相同， 从句即可用陈述语气从句即可用陈述语气， 也可用虚拟语气也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设非真实假设)。(2) as意为意为 “像像， 犹如犹如， 正如正如” 。(3) the way意为意为“的样子的样子” ，相当于，相当于“the way (that/ in which)”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。 When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us （2011湖南卷）33 Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever【A】 A. as ifB. in caseC. whileD. though 3 8、 【比较状语从句】 ：这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：asas, not so/as as, than等引导等引导。 在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时， 或省略或省略， 或用替代词或用替代词do, does, did 特殊引导词特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ，so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B 表示倍数的表示法表示倍数的表示法：(1) A is twice/ three times bigger/ longer.than B;(2)A is twice/ three times as big/ longas B(3) Ais twice/ three times the size/ length/ height/ age of B. 请同学们写：我的年龄可是你的两倍哦。(1) (2)(3) 翻译：She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. （2010 全国）26. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now .【A】 A. soB. veryC. tooD. rather 9、 【让步状语从句】 ： though, although,even if, even though, despite the fact that, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether都可以引导让都可以引导让 步状语从句步状语从句。(1)as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语常倒装表语，没有表语倒装状语没有表语倒装状语，没有状语没有状语，倒倒 装部分谓语装部分谓语。如果表语是名词如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词倒装时不能加任何冠词，如 Teacher as he is, he cant instruct his own child well.再如：Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. (状语提前)(2) while= although，从句只能，从句只能用在句首用在句首，而且不能倒装，而且不能倒装。 (3) even if = even though，意为意为“即使即使” 。如：The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.(4) although引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒 装装。(5) though引导的让步状语从句可倒装引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以句前句后都可以。(6) despite the fact that= in spite of the fact that意为意为 “不管不管” 。(7) whetheror not意为意为 “无论无论 （是否是否） ” ，如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true.(8) however+形容词形容词/副词副词= no matter how+形容词形容词/副副 词词.意为意为“无论多么无论多么” ，如：No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. (9) whever等一系列连词等一系列连词，都可以等于都可以等于no matter wh-，但是但是whever既可引导让步状语从句既可引导让步状语从句，也可引也可引 导名词性从句。而导名词性从句。而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 再 如 ： （ 错 ） No matter what you say is of no use now. （ 对 ） Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say 是主语从句) ；再看： （错） Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. （10）让步状语从句都不能和）让步状语从句都不能和but连用，但有时可与连用，但有时可与yet连用。连用。 （2011天津卷）5.regular exercise is very importantIts never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime 【C】AItBAsCAlthoughDUnless 【状语从句状语从句高考真题高考真题练习练习】 1. （2011江西卷）29Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to youAwheneverBhoweverCwhicheverDwherever 答案【A】考查状语从句。句中 this afternoon 指时间,所以 or _ it is convenient to you也指时间。故 选择 A。 2. （2011辽宁卷）25No matter how, it is not necessarily lifeless Aa desert may be dryBdry a desert may beCmay a desert be dryDdry may a desert be 答案【D】考查状语从句。No matter how 修饰形容词，并且从句倒装，所以选择 D。 4 3. （2011全国新课标卷）22Tryshe might, Sue couldnt get the door open AifBwhenCsinceDas 答案【D】考查状语从句。As 引导让步状语从句倒装，所以选择 D。 4.（2011福建卷） 33 It wasApril 29,2011Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremonyAthatBwhenCsinceDbefore 答案【B】考查状语从句。主句 It wasApril 29,2011 后是时间状语从句。所以选择 B。 5. （10 福建）26. The girl had hardly rung the bellthe door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. since 答案：A 6. （10 上海）39.our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD.After 答案：B 7. （10 安徽）29. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. whereverB. wheneverC. even ifD. as if 答案：C. 8. . Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available A. as soon asB. unlessC. as far asD. until 答案：A. 9.（10 江西）22 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves. A. as long asB. unlessC. as soon asD. though 答案：A 10.（10 全国）25. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so thatB. althoughC. whileD. as if 答案：C 11. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. A. orB. unlessC. butD. whether 答案：B 12.（10 辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. AalthoughBunlessCbecauseDif 答案：C 13.（10 辽宁）34.Its no use having ideas only . Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. howB. whoC. whatD. where 答案：A 14.（10 北京）they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A.AsB. WhileC. UntilD. Once 答案：D 15.（2011天津卷）regular exercise is very importantIts never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime 【C】 AItBAsCAlthoughDUnless 16.（2011江西卷）29Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you 【A】 AwheneverBhoweverCwhicheverDwherever 17. （2011四川卷） 4 Frank insisted that he was not asleepI had great difficulty in waking him up【B】 AwhetherBalthoughCforDso 18.（2011北京卷）volleyball is her main focus, shes also g