第4章+IP地址子网划分.ppt

第四章IP地址子网划分VLSMCIDR,通过本章学习，您应该掌握以下内容：掌握IP地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目、主机的数目，掌握VLSM和CIDR的概念,本章目标,十进制和二进制的转换,10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255,1286432168421,IP地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,32bits,IP地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,Binary,32bits,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP地址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,Binary,32bits,172,16,122,204,ExampleDecimal,ExampleBinary,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,ClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD:多播地址ClassE:科研用,IP地址分类,8bits,8bits,8bits,8bits,IP地址分类,1,ClassA:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,范围(1-126),1,ClassB:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1,ClassC:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1,ClassD:,Bits:,1110MMMM,MulticastGroup,MulticastGroup,MulticastGroup,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,范围(224-239),范围(128-191),范围(192-223),特殊IP地址,一些特殊的IP地址:1.IP地址127.0.0.1:本地回环(loopback)测试地址2.广播地址:255.255.255.2553.IP地址0.0.0.0:代表任何网络4.节点号全为1:代表该网段的所有主机广播地址TCP/IP协议规定,主机号部分各位全为1的IP地址用于广播.所谓广播地址指同时向网上所有的主机发送报文,也就是说,不管物理网络特性如何,Internet网支持广播传输.如136.78.255.255就是B类地址中的一个广播地址,你将信息送到此地址,就是将信息送给网络号为136.78的所有主机.,私有IP地址,私有IP地址:1.A类地址中:10.0.0.0到10.255.255.2552.B类地址中:172.16.0.0到172.31.255.2553.C类地址中:192.168.0.0到192.168.255.255,11111111,计算可用的主机地址,1721600,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,161514131211109,87654321,网络,主机,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2=216-2=65534,IP地址分类练习,地址,类别,网络,主机,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,256.241.201.10,IP地址分类练习（答案）,地址,类别,网络,主机,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,256.241.201.10,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,10.0.0.0,128.63.0.0,201.222.5.0,192.6.141.0,130.113.0.0,0.2.1.1,0.0.2.100,0.0.0.64,0.0.0.2,0.0.64.16,子网划分的好处,1.缩减网络流量2.优化网络性能3.简化管理4.更为灵活地形成打覆盖范围的网络,网络172.16.0.0,172.16.0.0,不设子网的地址,172.16.0.1,172.16.0.2,172.16.0.3,.,172.16.255.253,172.16.255.254,网络172.16.0.0,设置子网的地址,172.16.1.0,172.16.2.0,172.16.3.0,172.16.4.0,16,网络,主机,172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,00000000,10100000,00000000,00000000,缺省情况下子网未划分,00000010,缺省情况下的子网掩码,172.16.2.160,255.255.0.0,网络号,子网地址,172.16.2.200,172.16.2.2,172.16.2.160,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.5,172.16.3.100,172.16.3.150,E0,172.16,网络,网络,端口,172.16.0.0172.16.0.0,E0E1,新路由表,2,160,主机,.,.,172.16.3.1,E1,子网地址,172.16.2.200,172.16.2.2,172.16.2.160,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.5,172.16.3.100,172.16.3.150,172.16.3.1,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口,172.16.2.0172.16.3.0,E0E1,新路由表,子网,子网掩码,255,255,0,0,IPAddress,DefaultSubnetMask,8-bitSubnetMask,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network,Subnet,Host,“/16”表示子网掩码有16位.,“/24”表示子网掩码有24位.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,扩展了8位地址的网络,利用子网掩码划分子网,16,网络,主机,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.0,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,子网,网络号,128192224240248252254255,利用子网掩码划分子网,网络,主机,172.16.2.160,255.255.255.192,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,子网,扩展了10位地址的网络,16,172,2,128,网络号,128192224240248252254255,128192224240248252254255,无类域间路由(CIDR),CIDR的概念：忽略A、B、C类网络的规则，定义前缀相