2019年高考英语(全国通用)提分练考前冲刺卷(三)Word版含解析

考前冲刺卷(三)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWelcomeWe look forward to welcoming you this summer.Below you will find a list of forms for students accepted to our 2018 Salisbury Summer School.Please review the documents and fill out and return any application forms.Should you wish to spend overnight in the area when you drop off your child，please make arrangements well in advance as summer is a busy time of a year in Connecticuts northwest corner.(A list of area hotels is found here.)Both the elective course enrollment(登记) and the questionnaire are very important because we will be unable to design your childs academic schedule without them.We would also like to draw your attention to the form regarding students leaving on weekends during summer school.Accepted Student Forms(ASFs)：Elective EnrollmentQuestionnaireWeekend PermissionTravel FormPharmacy(用药) FormE & R Laundry Registration FormThe Salisbury School Health Center works with Magnus Health which is a secure and easytouse website for online submission and storage of your childs medical information.You must access your childs Magnus Health account in order to get and submit the required health forms before registration (Access the Pharmacy Form here)Health forms must be completed and submitted to Magnus Health by June 15，if not，summer school classes and activities may not be accessible to your kid.For questions regarding Salisbury School required health forms or your Magnus Health account，please email . Alternatively，you may call the Health Center at 8604355748.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2018年Salisbury学校暑期班的入班事宜，包括选修课程注册、问卷调查、健康信息等。1What should they do if parents want to spend one night in the area?AComplete all the forms.BBook a room as early as possible.CApply to Magnus Health.DTell the summer school in advance.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Should you .please make arrangements well in advance as summer is a busy time of a year in Connecticuts northwest corner.”可知，如果父母想要在这个地方住一晚，应该提前在学校附近找旅馆订房间。2Which form should parents fill in if their kids leave on weekends during summer school?AElective Enrollment.BQuestionnaire.CWeekend Permission.DTravel Form.答案C解析细节理解题。题干问的表格指的是“the form regarding students leaving on weekends during summer school”由此可知，这个表格是学生在读暑假班期间的周末离开校园时所需要的，因此C项正确。3What may cause students to miss summer school classes and activities?AIncomplete health forms.BNot returning ASFs by June 15.CFailing to register ahead of time.DLoss of Magnus Health account.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句可知，如果健康表格没有及时完成并提交，可能会导致学生不能参与暑期班课程和活动。BScientists found gravitational waves as they watched the effects of two black holes running into each other and forming a much bigger one，a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime.Scientists “heard” the wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90 between each other and are nearly 2,000 miles apart in the US. That equipment let them glimpse the nature of black holes.Together they made up the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory(LIGO)Gravitational waves were first observed in September 2015 and the second detection(发现) occurred three months later.The third detection，which the astronomers called GW，was made on January 4,2017. The astronomers believed their latest finding “provides clues about the directions in which the black holes are spinning”“Black holes are beautifully simple.You just need two numbers to describe them completely：mass，how much they bend spacetime，and a spin，how much spacetime moves about them，”said Dr Christopher Berry of the University of Birmingham，one of the researchers in the project.“But it takes lots of hard work to measure these from our data.We now have wonderful mass measurements，and are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes，which could give evidence for how they formed.”The researchers said their discovery added further evidence to support Einsteins general theory of relativity and confirmed the existence of previously unknown black holes.More than 1,000 scientists from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration were involved in the project along with an additional 280 researchers from the Europeanbased Virgo Collaboration.Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe，allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes.“We have further confirmation of the existence of stellar(恒星的)mass black holes that are larger than 20 solar masses.We didnt know they existed before LIGO detected them，”MIT researcher David Shoemaker said.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家们第三次探测到引力波，相对论再获证实，促进了黑洞研究。4Who pioneered gravitational waves?ADavid Shoemaker. BChristopher Berry.CScientists from LIGO. DAlbert Einstein.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime”可知，科学家们的这一发现发生在爱因斯坦预测此事件的一个世纪后，因此爱因斯坦是引力波的先行者。5How did scientists discover gravitational waves?ABy using laser beams.BBy joining vertical pipes.CBy using traditional telescopes.DBy following the orbit of black holes.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家们是通过使用激光束来探测到引力波的。6What can we learn from the last three paragraphs?AMore than 2,000 scientists took part in the event.BScientists have already discovered spins of black holes.CGravitational waves contributed to black holes research.DThere is no way to find out how black holes are formed.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段倒数第二句可知，科学家们第三次发现引力波给黑洞的旋转方向提供了线索，黑洞的旋转细节可能为它们的形成方式提供证据。即引力波对黑洞的研究有作用。故选C。7What do the scientists think of the application of gravitational waves?AIts controversial. BIts promising.CIts limited. DIts demanding.答案B解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句可知，科学家们希望引力波会提供一个完全不同的宇宙观，使得他们能研究使用传统望远镜可能发现不了的事情，即他们认为引力波的运用很有前景。故选B项。CWhen she was a little girl，Margarita Engle spent her summers in Cuba，where she says she fell in love with nature.Engle,66，was born to a Cuban mother and an American father.Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer.The Poetry Foundation recently named her its Young Peoples Poet Laureate，a role Engle plans to use to encourage children and teenagers to write down their feelings.“Magic happens when you put your emotions(情感) in writing，”she said.Engle says she has always liked poetry.At age 6，she wrote her first poem about nature.After looking around while taking a walk one day in California，she wrote a rhymed poem about the shapes of hills.As a teen，she wrote sonnets(十四行诗) about nature and stories about people in Cuba.Some of her books explore the island，its people，markets and landmarks.Her new picture book，All the Way to Havana，features American cars from the 1940s and 1950s.Forest World，a new novel，introduces Edver to readers，an 11yearold who lives in Miami，Florida，with his mother and is shipped off to Cuba to see his birthplace and meet his Cuban family.When he arrives in Havana，the capital，he learns he has an older sister，Luza，who stayed on the island with her father and grandfather.The two go on an adventure into a Cuban forest.“The emotions of the characters are similar to what many children feel when they are separated from loved ones，”Engle said.She hopes that people facing similar challenges can find support and comfort in poetry.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。恩格尔童年时每年往返于古巴和美国，这不仅让她亲近了自然，还激发了她的创作热情，最终成为一位知名的诗人兼作家。8What made Engle a poet?AHer visits to Cuba.BDays spent in California.CMagic skills in practicing writing.DEncouragement from the Poetry Foundation.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer.”可知A正确。9We can learn from the text that young Engle probably .Aenjoyed indoor gamesBfound inspiration in natureCliked exploring cities in FloridaDmade friends with Cuban people答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段和第四段中的“At age 6，she wrote her first poem about nature.she wrote sonnets(十四行诗) about nature.”可知，儿时的恩格尔爱上了大自然，还写了关于大自然的诗，因此可知她从自然中获得了创作灵感。故选B。10What is TRUE about Forest World?AIt is a new picture book.BIt is based on a reallife event.CIt talks about an adventure story.DIt describes family ties between countries.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段提到的小说的内容可知，该书描写的是主人公离开美国佛罗里达州前往古巴哈瓦那探亲的故事，揭示的是分隔在两个国家的家庭亲情。故选D。11What does Engle stress in the last paragraph?AThe frequent changes of emotions.BThe challenges in writing poems.CThe separations from family members.DThe links between life and literature.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，恩格尔认为无论是在作品中还是在现实中，孩子离别亲人时心底迸发的情感有相似之处，她希望面临这种处境的人能从诗歌中寻觅到支持和慰藉。故恩格尔在此强调了生活与文学作品的联系。故选D。DNew，clean underwear is one of the most needed things to charity(慈善事业) and homeless shelters.So American Hayley Besheer came up with an unusual way to deal with the problem.She founded the company Make a Difference Intimates(Madi)，which donates a pair of its fashionable knickers(女士短衬裤)，or other kinds of underwear for every one that it sells.Ms Besheer is following in the footsteps of other entrepreneurs motivated to do good，including US shoemaker Toms，which pioneered the “buy one，donate one” model.And like Toms，her business fully intends to grow its profits while achieving its social mission.“Consumers are attracted to the ”buy one，donate one model because it helps them give back，” she tells the BBC.Before starting Madi，Ms Besheer had no experience of designing fashion or running a business.A friend who was originally meant to help run Madi，backed out after she decided it was too risky，And Ms Besheer had to borrow much money in the beginning.But now her business is booming.Madis underwear costs more than 30 per pairsignificantly more than what the company Victorias Secret charges for many of its knickers.But Ms Besheer says her knickers are fairly priced，because they are made from bamboo clotha material that is “more comfortable than cotton and longerlasting”People are also happy to pay more to support a good cause.“While one pair of Madi underwear may cost more than a pair of similar knickers in a department store，I feel youre buying two pairs of underwear for the 30orso price tag，” says one customer，Lauren Cimpl.Brands with a social justice agenda can enjoy a powerful “halo effect(连锁反应)”，say some experts.According to a study，consumers thought red wine tasted better，and other productssuch as running shoesperformed better if they knew about a companys charitable donations.Of course，there are disapproving voices on the “buy one，donate one” model.语篇解读本文为夹叙夹议文。Madi公司采用“买一捐一”的营销模式，既获得了丰厚的经济效益，又取得了积极的社会效益。12Which can replace the underlined phrase “backed out” in the third paragraph?AKept her word. BBroke her promise.CHeld her breath. DLost her heart.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据语境可知这位朋友起初是想帮助她经营这家公司的，后来这位朋友认为这么做风险太大，故可判定这位朋友打了退堂鼓，食言了。故back out是“食言，变卦”之意。break ones promise是“食言”之意，符合语境。keep ones word遵守诺言；hold ones breath屏息，不出声；lose ones heart爱上。13Compared with Madis knickers，those sold by Victorias Secret .Aare more comfortable Bare made of bambooClast much longer Dcost much less答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，Victorias Secret卖的女士短衬裤要比Madi的便宜得多。14What will the author probably discuss following the last paragraph?ASome drawbacks of the model.BSome advantages of the model.CSome types of the model.DSome origins of the model.答案A解析推理判断题。最后一段最后一句讲到有些人对“买一捐一”的营销模式持反对的意见，本句很可能是用来引出下一段的主题的，可以判断接下来作者很可能讨论这种营销模式存在的缺点。故选A。15Which of the following is the best title?AEntrepreneurs Donate Underwear to CharityBWho Pioneered the “Buy One，Donate One” Model?CA Firm Donates As Many Goods As It SellsDMadis Underwear Sells Well Despite Its High Prices答案C解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Madi公司采用“买一捐一”的营销模式，既获得了丰厚的经济效益，又取得了积极的社会效益。故C项(一家企业卖多少就捐赠多少)作文章标题最佳。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When it comes to making yourself happy，you need to learn what works for you. 16 There are several ways that emotionally intelligent people create their own happiness at work.Dont compare yourself to other people.When your sense of pleasure and satisfaction originates from comparing yourself to others，you are no longer the master of your own happiness. 17 Regardless of what people think of you at any particular moment，one thing is certainyou are never as good or bad as they say you are. 18 Working hard is important，but never allowing yourself to take a break is harmful to your happiness.A Cornells study found that small rewards make people more generous，friendly and happy.These small thrills also make people more productive and accurate in their work.Rewards activate the pleasure pathway in your brain.Effective rewards can be small things such as taking a walk down the hall or eating a snack.Exercise during the work week. 19 A University of Bristol study showed that people who exercised on workdays reported improvements in time management，moods，and performance.The benefits of exercise always outweigh the time lost in its pursuit.Dont judge and gossip(说闲话)Judging other people or speaking poorly of them is a lot like being addicted to a dessert. 20 When you are tempted(诱惑) to speak of someone else in a way that might be negative，just ask yourself if you would want someone to say the same about you.AReward yourself.BTake the time to reward people around you.CMoving your body for a while can make you relaxed.DEmotionally intelligent people know how to fight another day.EIt feels good while you are doing it，but afterwards you feel guilty and sick.FAn important skill set that happy people share is emotional intelligence.GWhen feeling good about what youve done，dont allow anyones opinions or accomplishments to take that away from you.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了获得幸福的几条诀窍。16答案F解析F项中的“happy” “emotional intelligence”对应下文中的“emotionally intelligent” “happiness”，且语意与下文联系紧密。17答案G解析上文提到跟他人对比会剥夺你的快乐，下文提到不论别人对你有什么看法，你都不像他们说得那么好或那么差，故G项“当你对自己完成的事情感觉很棒时，不要让别人的看法或成就夺走你的那种感觉”符合语境。18答案A解析空处是空下面一段的小标题，这一段主要讲的是小奖励让人更快乐，故A项“奖励自己”作本段小标题最佳。19答案C解析空处所在段说的是运动的好处，故C项符合语境。20答案E解析本空应选E项，E项承上启下，即说了judge and gossip给人带来的快感，又提到随后的坏处，与上下文联系紧密，逻辑一致。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Earlier this year，I created the Gustine Traveling Library.I 21 an old ice cream cart into a 22 library.I hoped to get kids outside，reading books again instead of staying inside all day playing on 23 equipment.When I first started the 24 ，I had about 100 books.Now，after seven months，I have received over 2,000 25 books，and I travel to neighboring cities in California.One day I was in a park in Gustine，and a little girl saw my cart.She ran up， 26 it was an ice cream cart，and was 27 when I told her it held books.She began to read the books.Then her parents called her，and the little girl started to 28 to me the book that had a cartoon characterElmo on the cover 29 .When I told her she was allowed to keep it，she cried out with 30 ，“Mom，I got Elmo！” That experience inspires me to keep 31 the Traveling Library so more kids can enjoy reading great books.I am now helping other towns in California 32 their own traveling libraries.The Traveling Library has been acknowledged by famous 33 .Former President George Bush sent 34 letters and photos of him to the Library for its 35 to helping others.President Trump 36 an award to my hometown in honor of my 37 with the Traveling Library this fall.I use the Traveling Library as an 38 set to youthif I can create something out of a rundown ice cream cart，then so can you！You can make a 39 by donating books，helping youth love reading or doing other 40 jobs.语篇解读本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己创建流动图书馆的经历及体会，并呼吁更多的人参与进来。21A.translated BtransportedCtransplanted Dtransformed答案D解析“我”把一台旧的冰激凌小推车改装成了一个流动图书馆。transform意为“使改变外观(或性质)”，符合语境。22A.food BportableCdrink Dchangeable答案B解析参见上题解析。portable可移动的，符合语境。23A.artistic BauthenticCelectronic Ddynamic答案C解析“我”希望让孩子们出来读读书，而不是整天待在室内玩电子设备。electronic电子的，符合语境。artistic艺术的；authentic真正的，真实的；dynamic动力的。24A.project BeventCitem Dcourse答案A解析project意为“项目，工程”，符合语境。25A.rejected BusedCdonated Dcollected答案C解析“我”收到了2 000多本捐赠的(donated)书。rejected被拒绝；used被使用过的，二手的；collected镇定的，收集成的。26A.hoping BpretendingCthinking Dfinding答案C解析她以为(think)这是一台卖冰激凌的小推车，当“我”告诉她车里装的是书的时候，她很吃惊(surprised)。27A.disappointed BsurprisedCembarrassed Dconfused答案B解析参见上题解析。28A.hand back Bpay backChold back Dcall back答案A解析hand back归还，符合语境。pay back偿还，报答；hold back控制，阻碍；call back给回电话。29A.doubtfully BdeliberatelyCunexpectedly Dunwillingly答案D解析根据语境可知，小女孩不情愿地(unwillingly)把书还给“我”。doubtfully怀疑地；deliberately故意地；unexpectedly出人意料地。30A.regret BshockCjoy Dfear答案C解析当“我”告诉这个小女孩她可以拿走这本书时，她高兴(joy)地喊了起来。31A.expanding BupdatingCchanging Dpromoting答案A解析根据下文中的“so more kids can enjoy reading great books”可知，本空应选A项，expand意为“扩展，拓展”，符合语境。32A.settle down Bput outCtake over Dset up答案D解析“我”现在正帮助加利福尼亚的其他城镇建立它们自己的流动图书馆。set up建立，符合语境。33A.politicians BmillionairesClibrarians Dscholars答案A解析本段所举的两个例子都涉及美国总统，故选politicians“政治家”。34A.famous BcopiedCsigned Dprivate答案C解析美国前总统布什给图书馆寄来了亲笔签名(signed)信和照片。35A.attention BdevotionCpurpose Drelation答案B解析devotion意为“奉献，忠诚，专心，热心”，符合语境。36A.received BmadeCpresented Dshared答案C解析present an a