美国建筑工程承包和公私合营(ppp)项目【ppt课件】

Construction Contracting & Public-Private Partnerships (P3) in the United States of America美国的建筑工程承包和公私合营(PPP)项目,Presented to China State Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.敬致：中国建筑股份有限公司Beijing, China/中国北京3/18/2010March 18, 2010/2010年3月18日,Presented By: 演讲人： Greenberg Traurig, LLP 美国GT国际律师事务所Charles E. Schwenck Shareholder 合伙人 Peter del Vecchio Shareholder 合伙人Los Angeles/洛杉矶 Houston/休斯顿 (310) 586-6582 (713) 374-3620,1,Construction Contracting & Public-Private Partnerships (P3) in the United States of America美国的建筑工程承包和公私合营(PPP)项目,About Greenberg Traurig 美国GT国际律师事务所简介Organization of the U.S. Public Market美国的公共项目市场组成Project Sectors 项目行业P3 Structures PPP项目结构Bidding Issues 投标事宜Contract Issues 合同事宜Project Execution Issues 项目执行事宜,2,About Greenberg Traurig美国GT国际律师事务所简介,Greenberg Traurig is an international law firm with 1,775 attorneys and governmental affairs professionals in 32 offices in the United States, Europe and Asia.美国GT国际律师事务所在美国、欧洲和亚洲拥有32家办公室和1,775名律师及专业人士 Integrated Legal Services 一体化的法律服务 Fast-Moving 应对及时 Cost-Efficient 关注成本 Chambers Recognition 获得商界好评,3,An International Network of More than 1,775 Attorneys & Governmental Affairs Professionals 超过1,775名律师和专业人士组成的国际律师事务所,ALBANY 奥伯尼AMSTERDAM 阿姆斯特丹ATLANTA 亚特兰大AUSTIN 奥斯丁BOSTON 波士顿CHICAGO 芝加哥DALLAS 达拉斯DELAWARE 特拉华尔,DENVER 丹佛FORT LAUDERDALE 劳德尔堡HOUSTON 休斯顿LAS VEGAS 拉斯维加斯LONDON* 伦敦LOS ANGELES 洛杉矶MIAMI 迈阿密NEWJERSEY 新泽西,NEW YORK 纽约ORANGE COUNTY 橙郡ORLANDO 奥兰多PALM BEACH COUNTY 棕榈滩县PHILADELPHIA 费城PHOENIX 菲尼克斯SACRAMENTO 萨克拉门托SAN FRANCISCO 旧金山,Strategic Alliances With Independent Law Firms*与独立律师事务所的战略联盟,MILAN 米兰ROME 罗马TOKYO 东京ZURICH 苏黎世,SHANGHAI 上海SILICON VALLEY 硅谷TALLAHASSEE 塔拉哈希TAMPA 坦帕TYSONS CORNER 泰森斯角WASHINGTON, D.C. 华盛顿特区WHITE PLAINS 怀特普莱恩斯,4,Greenberg Traurigs Public-Private Partnership (P3) Practice GT的PPP项目经验,Attorneys experienced in the development, construction, financing, ownership and operation of the variety of P3 amenable project types. 在各种PPP项目开发、建设、融资、所有权和经营方面具有丰富经验 We bring one-stop legal services for clients P3 project needs. 为客户的PPP项目需求提供一站式法律服务 Attorneys have represented project sponsors, banks and institutional investors, monoline insurance companies, contractors, facility operators, and state and local government agencies. 曾代理过项目发起人、银行和机构投资者、债券保险公司、承包方、设施运营方、以及国家和地方政府机构Projects on which GT attorneys have been engaged extend to virtually all industries involved in P3 infrastructure transactions and other public-private arrangements. 曾参与的项目涵盖了几乎所有基建类PPP项目和其它公私合营安排涉及的行业,5,Greenberg Traurigs Public-Private Partnership (P3) Practice: Examples in the United States of AmericaGT的PPP经验：美国案例,Representative P3 Transactions 代表性PPP项目:Port of Miami Tunnel (Florida) 迈阿密港隧道（佛罗里达州）JFK Airport Terminal Four (NY) JFK机场4号航站楼（纽约）Chicago Skyway (Illinois) 芝加哥天际公路 （伊利诺伊州）Alligator Alley (Florida) Alligator Alley公路 (佛罗里达州)I-4 Connector (Florida) I-4 公路接口 （佛罗里达州）Miami-Dade County Expressway Authority (Florida) 迈阿密-Dade县高速公路管理局（佛罗里达州）S.R. 125 South Tollway (CA) S.R. 125 南收费公路（加州）BeltLine (Georgia) 环形路（乔治亚州）United States Olympic Committee (Colorado) 美国奥委会 （科罗拉多州）Santa Paula Water (California) Santa Paula 水厂（加州）,6,Greenberg Traurigs Public-Private Partnership (P3) Practice: Examples Outside the United States of AmericaGT的PPP经验：海外案例,Representative Transactions 代表性项目:Terminal 3 at Sheremetyevo Airport (Russia) Sheremetyevo机场3号航站楼 （俄罗斯）Autopista Central Toll Road (Chile) Autopista中央收费公路 （智利）Americo Vespucio Norte Toll Road (Chile) Americo Vespucio Norte 收费公路 （智利）Government Infrastructure Projects (Malawi) 政府基建项目（马拉维）Fuel Storage Facility (Gambia) 燃料储存设施 （甘比亚）New Street Station (UK) 新街站 （英国）Military Flying Training System (UK) 军事飞行训练项目（英国）Al Ghubrah (Oman) Al Ghubrah项目 (阿曼)GCCIA Interconnector (Gulf Countries) GCCIA电网项目 （多个海湾国家）,7,Greenberg Traurig Presenters美国GT国际律师事务所的现场演讲人员简介,Charles E. SchwenckMr. Schwenck, a shareholder resident in the Los Angeles and Orange County offices and Co-chair of the Firms Energy Natural Resources Practice, is engaged in the representation of developers, owners (both private and governmental), financiers and constructors of transportation and other infrastructure projects, power plants and other energy production facilities, pipelines, transmission lines and other product transportation systems, and other commercial, industrial and public projects. He has served as General Counsel at Fluor Corporation, Division Counsel of Bechtels largest division and on international committees on contracting. He has been involved in projects in more than three dozen countries on six continents.Schwenck先生是洛杉矶和橙郡办公室的合伙人，本所能源与自然资源法律事务的联合主席，主要致力于为交通和基础设施项目、发电站及其它发电设施、管道、传输线路和产品运输系统以及其它商业、工业和公共项目的开发商、业主（私营和政府部门），金融人士和建筑商提供法律服务。他曾担任Fluor Corporation公司的法律总顾问，担任Bechtel最大的部门以及国际承包委员会的部门法律顾问。他曾经参与过六大洲三十多个国家的项目。,Peter del VecchioMr. del Vecchio, a shareholder in the Firms Houston office, is an Energy and Infrastructure attorney engaged in the representation of project developers, project sponsors, consultants, investment banks and commercial banks. Projects have included power plants (coal, gas, biomass), renewable energy projects (solar, wind, hydro and geothermal), copper smelting, refineries, gas processing plants, pulp and paper facilities, ports, tollways, rail and subways, pipelines, submarine cable, terminaling assets, and steel mills, among others. Mr. del Vecchio has extensive international projects experience, having lived and practiced law in Asia for nearly ten years in the 1990s. In addition to being admitted to practice in Texas, New York and New Jersey, Mr. del Vecchio is an English solicitor. He had previously had served as General Counsel of one of Enron Corp.s four wholesale subsidiaries.del Vecchio先生是本所休斯顿办公室的合伙人，是能源和基础设施律师，主要代理项目开发商、项目发起人、顾问、投资银行和商业银行。从事的项目包括发电站（煤、瓦斯、生物质），可再生能源项目（太阳能、风能、水力发电和地热），铜冶炼厂、精炼厂、气体处理厂、纸浆和造纸设备、港口、收费公路、轨道和地铁、管道、海底电缆、终端资产以及钢铁厂等。 del Vecchio先生有丰富的国际项目经验，20世纪90年代曾在亚洲从事法律实践近十年。除了可以在德克萨斯州、纽约及新泽西执业外，他还是英国执业律师。del Vecchio先生曾经在安然公司四家最大的子公司之一担任总法律顾问。,8,Organization of the U.S. Public Market美国公共市场的组成,Relatively Little Direct Federal Procurement (except defense) 联邦政府直接采购项目相对较少（国防项目除外）State Law Authority Governs Most Projects 大部分项目适用州法的规定Often involve federal funding, which may require federal reports and compliance 经常涉及联邦政府资金，因此可能有联邦政府报告和合规要求Contracting and Implementation Administered by the States 由州政府管理项目的承包和执行Many Municipal Projects 大量的市政项目Authority Delegated by the States under Home Rule 根据地方法规由州政府授权Administered by Local Authorities 由地方政府管理,9,Organization of the U.S. Public Market 美国公共市场的组成,Most Active and Experienced States 最为积极并且经验丰富的州Texas 德克萨斯州More than 12 projects, including transportation, prisons, etc. 超过12个项目，包括交通运输、监狱等Florida 佛罗里达州Transportation, water treatment 交通运输，水处理Virginia 佛吉尼亚州 Transportation 交通运输,10,Organization of the U.S. Public Market 美国公共市场的组成,Expected Heavy Future Involvement in Southwest (California, Arizona, Nevada, etc.) 预计将来西南部各州将会大量开展项目（加利福尼亚州、亚利桑那州、内华达州等）P3 Legislation PPP立法California Infrastructure is Inadequate 加利福尼亚州缺少基础设施Arizona, Nevada and Colorado growing rapidly 亚利桑那州、内华达州和科罗拉多州发展迅速,11,Project Sectors 项目行业,Transportation 交通运输Roads, Bridges and Tunnels 公路、桥梁和隧道Rail (urban and regional transportation) 轨道（市内和地区交通）Water 水力Collection, Desalinization, Distribution 采集、淡水和输送Wastewater Treatment 污水处理Defense 国防Military housing 军用住宅Utilities 公用事业Health, Education and Rehabilitation 健康、教育和罪犯改造Hospitals 医院Schools 学校Prisons 监狱,12,Project Sectors 项目行业,Roads, Bridges and Tunnels 公路、桥梁和隧道Titles 23 and 49 of the U.S. Code: Federal-Aid Highways 美国法典第23和49章： 联邦资助公路法案Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (“SAFETEA-LU”) 安全、负责、灵活、有效率的运输权益法案 Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998 (“TIFIA”) 1998年交通基础设施建设融资与创新法案(“TIFIA”)Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (“TEA 21”) 21世纪运输权益法案Provide “Matching” Grants, Loans and Loan Guarantees for State Highway Projects 为州公路项目提供“配比”的拨款，贷款和贷款担保Impose Certain Federal Requirements (e.g. Buy American Act) 施加某些联邦政府条件（比如：购买美国产品法）,13,Project Sectors 项目行业,Roads, Bridges and Tunnels (cont.) 公路、桥梁和隧道 (续)Driven by 通过以下方式推动Need to promote uniform standards for interstate transportation 对州际交通运输需要创立统一标准Need to provide alternatives to automobiles in urban areas and on heavily travelled routes 需要在市区以及拥堵的线路提供可以替代汽车的交通工具,14,Case Study 案例分析:Transit P3 交通PPP项目,15,Case Study: I-495 Capital Beltway HOT Lanes (cont.)案例分析：I-495 中心环城HOT道路 （续）,16,Case Study: I-495 Capital Beltway HOT Lanes (cont.) 案例分析：I-495 中心环城HOT道路 （续）,17,Case Study案例分析:Transit P3 交通PPP项目,18,Case Study: Port of Miami Tunnel (cont.)案例分析：迈阿密港隧道（续）,19,Case Study: Port of Miami Tunnel (cont.)案例分析：迈阿密港隧道（续）,20,Case Study: Port of Miami Tunnel (cont.)案例分析：迈阿密港隧道（续）,21,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail 轨道交通American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (“ARRA”) Projects 美国复苏与再投资法案 (“ARRA”) 项目$9.3 billion announced February, 2010 于2010年2月公布总额为93亿美元$1.3 billion to Amtrak for upgrades (mostly security and safety)13亿美元用于升级Amtrak(美铁系统)(主要用于安全和保险装置)$8.0 billion for high-speed and other intercity projects 80亿美元用于高速铁路以及其他城际铁路项目,22,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail (continued) 轨道交通 (续)For design and construction, not planning or operations. (Like most of ARRA, it is designed to create jobs.) 仅用于设计和施工，不包括规划或经营（正如多数ARRA项目，目的在于增加工作机会）No matching funding is required by the terms of the grants, but it is generally recognized that the grants will only cover a fraction of actual costs. 在给予补贴时不要求配比资金来源，但一般认为政府仅提供实际所需费用的一部分Contract/Financing Structures (P3 or other) are not specified, but emphasis on “ready-to-go” projects will require 并不指定合同/融资架构（PPP或其它方式），但会要求被资助项目可立即上马Design-build (not design-bid-build) 设计-建造（不是设计-投标-建造）Significant private financing 大额私人融资,23,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail (continued) 轨道交通（续）ARRA Projects (continued) ARRA项目（续）Major Funds Recipients 资金主要受助人California is largest, but not the first 加州是最大的受助人，但是不排在第一顺位$2.25 billion for right of way, tracks, stations and completion of engineering and permitting22亿5千万美元用于通行权，轨道，站点以及完成工程和许可Connects Californias major cities and, eventually, Los Angeles to Las Vegas, Nevada连接加州主要城市，并且最终从洛杉矶至内华达州拉斯维加斯,24,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail (continued) 铁路（续）ARRA Projects (continued) ARRA项目（续）Phase I: Los Angeles to San Francisco by 2020 第一阶段：2020年之前从洛杉矶至旧金山Phase II: San Francisco to Sacramento and Los Angeles to San Diego by 2026第二阶段：2026年之前从旧金山至萨克拉曼托，从洛杉矶至圣地亚哥800 miles of new track; 880 miles of upgrades 新建800英里轨道；升级880英里轨道System to Las Vegas, Nevada is not yet funded 至内华达州拉斯维加斯的部分尚未获得资金,25,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail (continued) 铁路（续）ARRA Projects (continued) ARRA项目（续）Florida grant is size of California grant ($1.25 billion), but is likely to proceed much more quickly佛罗里达州获得的补贴为加州的一半（12亿5千万美元），但进展快得多84 miles of new, high-speed system from Tampa to Orlando. Schedule for completion is 2014.新建84英里从Tampa至奥兰多的高速铁路，预计2014年完工Planned but unfunded, 240 miles from Orlando to Miami. Scheduled for completion in 2017.从奥兰多至迈阿密240英里铁路在计划中，但未获得资金。预计2017年完工,26,Project Sectors 项目行业,Rail (continued) 铁路（续）ARRA Projects (continued) ARRA项目（续）Other Major Projects 其他主要项目$1.1 billion Chicago St. Louis corridor 11亿美元用于建设从芝加哥至圣路易斯通道$1.4 billion for various smaller projects throughout the Midwest 14亿美元用于中西部各个小型项目$0.6 billion for Pacific Northwest (Seattle Portland Eugene) 6亿美元用于太平洋西北部地区（西雅图-波特兰-Eugene ）Smaller upgrades in Northeast 东北部地区小型升级项目,27,Project Sectors 项目行业,Water and Wastewater 水和污水Primarily Wastewater Treatment 主要为污水处理项目Updating and replacing existing facilities 更新并替换现有设施New capacity for suburbs 扩建城郊设施Mostly Municipal (City or County) Projects大多为市政建设（市或县）项目Considered a local function 被认为是地方职能Projects historically municipally-owned and done on design-bid-build basis过去按照设计-投标-建造之程序由政府拥有并完成的项目Trends toward privatization 私有化趋势DBFO 设计建造融资经营Privately- owned plants for major new developments 主要新项目将采用私有化形式,28,Project Sectors 项目行业,Statutory Authority: California Government Code 5956法律规定：加州政府法典5956Applies to most revenue producing municipal infrastructure适用于大部分产生收入的市政基础设施Requires private equity investment/ownership 需要私人投资/私人股本Allows public debt, private debt or a combination of both 允许发行公募债、私募债，或两者结合Allows lease or service contract structure with up to 30 year term (99 years being considered) 允许签订最多30年期限的租赁或服务合同（正考虑扩展至99年）Requires competitive negotiation, but not competitive bidding 要求“竞争性谈判”，但不要求竞争性投标Streamlines fee ordinance process 简化费用征收程序,City of Santa Paula California Water Treatment Project A Model for the Future 加州Santa Paula 市水处理项目 今后的典范,29,Project Sectors 项目行业,Typical City Situation 城市面临的典型处境Old facility was too small and did not meet modern standards. Federal order to upgrade by deadline or face fines老旧设施规模过小，不能达到现代标准。联邦政府已下达升级设施的最后期限或面临罚款Design-bid-build process could not be accomplished by deadline 按照设计-投标-建造程序不能在最后期限前完成Public financing would add a year to the Schedule and might not be successful. 公共融资将导致推迟一年完成整个计划并且可能不会成功,City of Santa Paula California Water Treatment Project A Model for the Future (continued) 加州Santa Paula 市水处理项目 今后的典范 (续),30,Project Sectors 项目行业,The Approach 步骤Partnership between leading design-build-operate contractor (PERC) and financing entity (Alinda) 由领先的设计-建造-经营承包商（PERC）和融资实体（Alinda）组成合伙Fixed construction and financing period with 30 year service contract 签订30年服务合同，设定固定的建造和融资期限City option to buy the facility at end of construction城市可选择在建设完成后购买设施City option to take over operations 城市可选择接手进行运营Fixed service charges, funded by city-collected fees 固定的服务费用，从城市收取的费用中支付Shared energy savings 分享节约能源Transfer to city after 30 years 30年后移交给城市,City of Santa Paula California Water Treatment Project A Model for the Future (continued) 加州Santa Paula 市水处理项目 今后的典范 (续),31,Project Sectors 项目行业,Results 结果Recently completed on-schedule, about 18 months ahead of earliest possible traditional approach. No federal fines. 最近按计划完成，比按传统步骤最早可能完成的时间还早了18个月，无需支付联邦罚款Approximately 30% cost savings 节省约30%费用Modular design with approximately 70% savings in land 标准化设计，节省了约70%的土地15% savings in energy costs. Expected to increase with addition of solar. 节省了15%的能源费用，加上太阳能的使用预计能节省更多能源,City of Santa Paula California Water Treatment Project A Model for the Future (continued) 加州Santa Paula 市水处理项目 今后的典范 (续),32,Project Sectors 项目行业,Public Buildings 公共建筑Many projects, lower value 大量项目，价值较低Simpler structures, fewer long-term contracts 结构相对简单，较少长期合同Airports and Ports 机场和码头Few projects, relatively high value较少项目，但相对价值更高Wide range of structures各式各样的结构,33,BuildTransfer建造移交,BuildLeaseTransfer建造租赁移交,BuildTransferOperate建造移交经营,BuildOperateTransfer建造经营移交,BuildOwnOperateTransfer建造拥有经营移交,BuildOwnOperate建造拥有经营,Divestiture资产剥离,Concession特许权,Lease租赁,Existing Services and Facilities 现有的服务与设施,Source: Adapted from the National Council for Public Private Partnerships来源：公私合营项目全国委员会,New Projects 新项目,Public Responsibility公共责任,Private Responsibility私营责任,Typical P3 Structures in US: 美国的典型PPP结构Public/Private Responsibility Continuum 公私责任分配,34,P3 Advantages PPP的优点,加速项目的交付,项目时间表,35,P3 Advantages (continued) PPP的优点（续）,将风险转移到私营机构,降低了业主的风险,36,Typical P3 Structures in US (1): Greenfield Projects美国的典型PPP结构 (1)：新建项目,Build-Transfer (BT) 建造移交（BT）Also known as “Design-Build” 亦称“设计建造”Government contracts with private party to design and build a facility in accordance with government requirements 政府与私营企业订立有关依据政府要求设计并建造设施的合同Government retains operations & maintenance (O&M) responsibility 政府保留经营和维护（O&M）责任,37,Typical P3 Structures in US (2): Greenfield Projects美国的典型PPP结构 (2)：新建项目,Build-Lease-Transfer (BLT) 建造租赁移交（BLT）Similar to BT model except facility is leased to public sector upon completion 与BT模式相类似，不同之处在于设施完工后租给公共部门Once lease is fully paid, facility is transferred to pubic sector at no additional cost 一旦租金付清，设施被移交给公共部门而无须再付任何费用Government retains O&M responsibility during lease 租赁期间政府保留经营和维护责任,38,Typical P3 Structures in US (3): Greenfield Projects美国的典型PPP结构 (3)：新建项目,Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) 建造经营移交（BOT）Combines Build-Transfer responsibilities with O&M responsibilities by private sector for specified period. 特定期限内，私营部门将同时负责建造移交责任与经营和维护责任At end of period, public sector assumes O&M responsibility 到期后公共部门承担经营和维护责任Also known as “Design-Build-Operate-Maintain (DBOM)” or “turnkey procurement” 亦称“设计建造经营维护（DBOM）”或“交钥匙总承包”,39,Typical P3 Structures in US (4): Greenfield Projects美国的典型PPP结构 (4)：新建项目,Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) 建造拥有经营移交（BOOT）Government grants private sector franchise to finance, design, build and operate facility for specified period. 政府授予私营部门在特定期限内就设施进行融资、设计、建造和经营的特许权Ownership reverts to public sector at end of period. 到期后公共部门享有所有权Also known as “Design-BuildFinance-Operate (DBFO)” 亦称“设计建造融资经营（DBFO）”,40,Typical P3 Structures in US (5): Greenfield Projects美国的典型PPP结构 (5)：新建项目,Build-Own-Operate (BOO) 建造拥有经营（BOO）Government grants private party right to finance, design, build, operate and maintain project. 政府授予私营部门进行项目融资、设计、建造、经营和维护的权利Private entity retains ownership of project, i.e., divestiture 私营企业保留项目所有权，即资产剥离,41,P3 Revenue Models PPP收入模式,The public sectors objectives, project features and target risk profile drive the basis of the concession / P3 revenue model 特许权/PPP收入模式的基础由公共部门的目标、项目特征以及目标风险预测所决定Different models include: 不同的模式包括：100% Toll Revenue 100过路费收