新版新目标英语七年级下册unit12知识点总结

Unit12 What did you do last weekend？a节1.营地(1) VI宿营；野营营地Go camping去露营营地野营了。(2) n .野营；帐篷营summer camp夏令营winter camp冬令营2.by(1)位置名词表位置，旁边.by the lake/river/tree/window/door by the side of the path。在路边注意：表格.从旁边经过，常用动词go/walk/pass等。(2)从时间名词开始.诗(已经发生了什么事)，用了很多谓语的时候；晚，不晚.在此之前by now/then/thistime/next Friday/the end of/three o clock。By the end of last year，another new gymnasium had been completed在去年底前完成了新的体育馆。(3)根据名词表方法、方法、手段等。A.by the可以计数的时间、长度、重量等名词。按.计算，单击.购买(销售)by the pound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。B.by表示时间、长度、重量等常用术语，即不可计数的名词(名词前没有冠词)。按.计算，单击.购买(销售)按time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。C.by交通工具，交通工具名词(名词前没有冠词，复数不变)。通过.在中.乘.by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane；By land/road/sea/water/air等。(on foot)D.by抽象名词，或具有抽象意义的普通名词(名词前没有冠词，复数形式改变).通过.由.by skill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident；by mail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/tele graph/hand/machine等。特定名词，例如E.by位置或工具。表路径、路径、通过(某物、某处)、接近.by a stone bridge/the backdoor/the freeway/country roads等F.by动词ing通过.by waiting/pr acting/begging/working/imitating(4)数量词A.表格上升和下降、增加或减少的程度。by one-fifth/20 percent/3/two feetB.表示距离和面积、体积内的尺寸以及乘法方法的运算。by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair s breakdth(5)身体部位特定的名词或服装名词。表示被抓住的身体/衣服的一部分，经常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用风筝用by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns；By the collar/lape/sleeve等。the policeman caught the thief by the arm .警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。the soldier grabbed the child by the collar。那个军人抓住孩子的衣领。(6)by的一般措辞：by means of/by way of/by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by one self/By birth/by society/take.按surprise/learn.by heart/what do you mean by./by my watch3.last/next/this/that时间在句子中做副词时，前面没有介词4.do、does、did、dont、doesnt、didnt。(1) Who cleaned the room？Mike _ _ _ _ _ _ . a . was b . does c . is d . did(2) I dont think he is so great，but my mother _ _ _ _ _ _ _。(3)Peter visited his English teacher this morning，but Tony _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。A.isn t b . wason t c . doesn t d . didn t(4) I like sports news very much。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .a. I like、too b.i do、too c.i dont like、either d.i dont、either(5)my father likes sports news，but my mother _ _ _ _ _。5.as(1) adv表左右，同样。As.as.not as.as.结构中的第一个as是adv.(否)Jack is as tall as his father.杰克和他父亲一样高。he dosnt speak English as/so fluently as you。他的英语不如你流利。(2) prepA.例如They got United as one man.他们团结一致。B.角色，作为As a writer he was famous.作为作家很有名。(3) conj通常用于连接主要句子和副词子句A.时间状语从句指南，什么时候.与的意思同时，强调与while的意思相似的两个动作同时发生；或什么健康，其他事情马上发生。He shouted aloud as her ran along.他一边向前跑，一边大声喊。I was startled as he opened the door.他一开门，我就吓了一跳。B.as是连接词，相当于when。as a little boy(when he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano。他从小就开始学钢琴。C.诱导原因状语从句。因为，与because的用法相似。I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do.我还有很多事要做，所以我得停笔。D.状语从句或比较状语从句(如)As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south。像你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种大米。(方法状语从句)When at Rome，do as Romans do.我在回家的路上。(方法状语从句)E.引导让步状语从句，虽然此时从句一般反过来装词序，也就是把从句的表语、副词或动词原形放在as上以前。Strange as it may seem，it is true.即使看起来很奇怪，也是真的。Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties。不管怎么努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。(4)作为关系代词的as。A.such.as，the same.as、as.as结构、同一个人(或事物)、所有人(或事物)he wished to be such a man as lei feng was。他希望成为雷锋这样的人。my hometwn is no longer the same as it was。我的家乡不再像以前一样了。B.引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的整个句子(即前置句)。这段话可以放在句子的开头中间或句尾。(5)使用as的固定词组A.as soon as I.引导时间状语从句。B.as/solong asAs/so long as you study hard，youll make progress.只要努力，就会取得进步。C.as if/though常用于引导状语从句，就像在条款中说不真实的话使用家庭法一样。she loves the child as if/though he were her own。她像爱自己的孩子一样爱这个孩子。D.As if/though还可以用于引导标语子句，it appears/looks/seems.常用于as if/though句子结构。it appears as if/though it is going to clear up。天好像要放晴了。it seems as if/though he knew nothing about it。他好像对那个一无所知。关于E.as toThere is no doubt as to his honesty.他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。F.as much/many as最多.很多.he can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month。他一个月赚5000美元。G.so/as far as I know插入了我知道的句子中As/so far as I know，he will come here next Monday.据我所知，他下周一会来这里。H.as a result，as a result of.的结果I.as well，另外Come early，and bring your brother as well.早点来，把你弟弟也带来。J.so as to，so.as to表示如果遵循动词的原形，则表示目的或结果。He stuied hard so as to pass the exam .为了通过考试，他努力学习。(表示目的)H.AS.as adj(原始)as adv(原始)ASAs soon as一旦.as soon as possible尽快as early as possible尽可能早As carefully as you can尽可能认真地as careful as you can6.感叹词(1)what引导感叹句what修改n或名词短语A.What a(an) adj单数名词主语谓词！What an apple this is！What a fine day it is！B.What adj可数名词复数或不可数名词主题谓词！What kind women they are！What nice music it is！(2) How诱导的感叹词How用于修改adj、adv或vHow adj(adv)主题谓词！How hard the worker are working！How clever the girl is！How quickly the boy is writing！注：how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语。How the runner runs！(3)由what和how领导的感叹词，一般可以互相转换，转换后意义也不变。What an interesting story it is！=How interesting the story is！What a beautiful bulding it is！=How beautiful the building is！(4)感叹号的主语和谓语在口语中经常被省略。What a nice present！(忽略it is)how disappointed！(省略she is或可能成为此句子主体的其他单词)7.是be tired of。受够了b节1.fly v飞行，飞行；Flew flewn fly a kite/kites2.a swimming pool=a pool for swimming名词用作属性表示法的用途或功能Sitting room客厅=living room reading