虚拟语气在非真实条件句中运用.ppt

虚拟语气,期中考试中,如果我知道答案，我就请你吃饭！,第三题答案是什么？,如果你告诉我答案，我放学请你吃饭。,告诉我吧！,什么是虚拟语气？,1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,可能实现的条件句,不能实现的条件句,Eg:如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。,Ifit_(rain)tomorrow,Iwillstayathome.,rains,虚拟条件句的瞎想,对过去的猜测,对现在的猜测,对未来的猜测,虚拟条件句,如果我知道答案，我就请你吃饭！,虚拟条件句往往指不能实现的或纯假想的情况。可以对过去、现在、未来进行假设。,如果我昨天有100万，我就会给你50万。IfIhadhadonemillionRMByesterday,Iwouldhavegivenyouhalf.,（一）、对过去情况的假设,如果我当时知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledyou.,If.haddone.,wouldhavedone.If引导的从句用过去完成时（haddone）,主句用would/should/might/could+have+done.,（一）、对过去情况的假设If.haddone.,would/could/might/shouldhavedone.If引导的从句用过去完成时（haddone）,主句用would/should/might/could+have+done.,1.如果当初你智商高,(haveahighIQ),我就不会和你离婚了.,Ifyou_(have)ahighIQ,I_(notdivorce)you,牛刀小试,2.如果我昨天不把它写下来，我是会忘记的。,IfI_(notwrite)itdownyesterday,I_(forget)it.,hadhad,wouldnothavedivorced,(Divorcesb.),hadnotwritten,shouldhaveforgotten,（二）、对现在情况的假设,如果我现在有100万，我会给你50万,IfIhadonemillionnow,Iwould/could/might/shouldgiveyouhalf.,如果我现在有戒指，我们就结婚。,IfIhadaringnow,Wewouldgetmarried.,如果我是你，我会选择买一枚金戒指。,IfIwereyouIwouldchoosetobuyagoldring.,如果没有音乐，世界将会非常单调,Iftherewerenomusic,theworldwouldbeverydull.,If.did.,.would/could/might/shoulddo.,If.were.,.would/could/might/shoulddo.,If.did/were.,.would/could/might/shoulddo.,If.did/were.,.would/could/might/shoulddo.,（二）、对现在情况的假设条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句would/could/might/should+动词原形,牛刀小试,1.很抱歉，我很忙。如果我有时间，我会去看你的。,IamsorryIamverybusynow.IfI_(have)time,I_(come)toseeyou.,2.如果我是你，我就不会那么做。,IfI_(be)you,I_(notdo)that.,3.如果胡子就是知识的象征，那么山羊也会成为苏格拉底,Ifabeard_(be)asignofknowledge,thegoat_(be)Socrates.,had,wouldcome,were,shouldnotdo,were,wouldbe,（三）、对未来情况的假设,如果我明天有100万，我就会给你50万,IfIhad/shouldhave/weretohaveonemilliontomorrow,Iwould/could/should/mightgiveyouhalf.,如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。,Ifitsnowed/shouldsnow/weretosnowtomorrow,Wewouldnotgoout.,Ifdid/shoulddo/weretodo,would/could/might/shoulddo.对未来情况的预测，谓语动词用shoulddo/weretodo/did,主句用would/could/might/shoulddo.,牛刀小试,Ifdid/shoulddo/weretodo,would/could/might/shoulddo.对未来情况的预测，谓语动词用shoulddo/weretodo/did,主句用would/could/might/shoulddo,（三）、对未来情况的假设,1.如果我们明天能来，就能见到总经理。,Ifwe_(come)tomorrow,we_(meet)thegeneralmanager.,2.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野炊了。,Ifit_(rain)_tomorrow,we_(notgo)forapicnic.,came/shouldcome/weretocome,couldmeet,weretorain/shouldrain/rained,wouldnotgo,如果我昨天有100万，我就会给你50万。IfIhadhadonemillionyesterday,Iwouldhavegivenyouhalf.,如果我现在有100万，我会给你50万IfIhadonemillionnow,Iwould/could/might/shouldgiveyouhalf.,如果我明天有100万，我就会给你50万IfIhad/shouldhave/weretohaveonemilliontomorrow,Iwould/could/should/mightgiveyouhalf.,错综时间条件句,主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致,如果我过去长得帅一点，现在就不会单身了,牛刀小试,1.如果他起床早一些，现在就不会迟到了。,Ifhe_(getup)earlier,he_(notbe)latenow.,2.如果昨晚下雨了，今天地面就是湿的。,Ifit_(rain)lastnight,theground_(be)wetnow.,hadgotup,wouldnotbe,hadrained,wouldbe,多亏你帮了我，不然的话。,“如果没有你。“,”要不是你帮我。“,含蓄条件句,有些句子虽然不含有条件从句，但意思和条件句差不多，这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”。这种句子有时会用虚拟语气。Without(如果没有),butfor（要不是）,otherwise（不然，否则）,or（否则）等。,如果没有电，世界将会一片黑暗。,Withoutelectricity,theworldwouldbedark.=Iftherewerenoelectricity,theworldwouldbedark.,我本应能多帮你一些的，但我当时太忙了。,Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.,没有如果（if）,如果没有空气，人类将不能生存。,Withoutair,humanbeingwouldnotbeabletosurvive.,如果不是你的帮助，我们就完不成任务。,Butforyourhelp,weshouldnothavecompletedthistask.,牛刀小试,ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon,虚拟语气中的倒装,虚拟条件句中，如果有should,had,weretodo结构，可以把if去掉，然后把had,should,were提到主语前面。,如果时光倒流，我会加倍努力。Iftimeweretogoback,Iwouldworkdoublehard.,如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.,假如明天天气好，我们就去郊游。Ifitshouldbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoforanouting.,Weretimetogoback,Iwouldworkdoublehard.,=HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceed.,=Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoforanouting.,虚拟语气中的倒装,虚拟条件句中，如果有should,had,weretodo结构，可以把if去掉，然后把had,should,were提到主语前面。,如果我当时知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledyou.,HadIknownyourtelephonenumber.,Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoforapicnic.,牛刀小试,今天的任务完成,1、四种语气,2、条件句包括.,3.虚拟条件句的四种瞎想,4、虚拟语气的含蓄表达-,5、虚拟条件句的倒装,对过去的猜测,对现在的猜测,对未来的猜测,错综时间条件句,没有如果（IF）,had,should,weretodo,窍门：记住例句,“学英语虽易，坚持学不易，且行且珍惜。”,Thankyou,1.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.drove;didntget.drove;wouldntgetC.Weredriving,wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot.,D,2._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will,B,3.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.AreB.WereWouldbeD.wouldhavebeen,C,4.We_lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainstead.MusthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.WouldstudyD.wouldhavestudied.,D,虚拟语气用于主语从句,Itis/wasimportant(necessary,appropriate,proper,right,essential,vital,etc)that.should+动词原形这种句型中，should常译为“应该”“必须”。,虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”，或将should省略，只用动词原形。这种主语从句由连词that引导。常用于以下三种句型中：,ItisnecessarythatI(should)returnitrightnow.我有必要马上把它还回去,Itisnecessarythatwe(should)speakpolitely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。,重要的是照顾好病人,Itsimportantthatwe_(take)goodcareofthepatient,(should)take,2.Itis/wasunnatural/unthinkable/strange/surprising.that.should+动词原形这种句子中，should常翻译为“竟然”,Itisstrangethathe(should)besorude.真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。,Itseemsunthinkablethatyou(should)makesuchamistake.你竟然犯这样的错误，真不可思议。,他考试失败了，真是不可思议。,Itisunthinkablethathe_(fail)theexam.,(should)fail,3.Itis/wassuggested(requested/required/ordered/Proposed/decidedetc).that.should+动词原形,建议父母应该花更多时间和孩子在一起。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.,我们应该坐九点的车Itisproposedthatwe(should)takethe9:00train.,学校要求学生必须学一门外语Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)learnaforeignlanguage.,牛刀小试,建议每天喝水,Itissuggestedthatwe_(drink)watereveryday.,(should)drink,虚拟语气用于主语从句,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,3.表示“建议，命令，要求，坚决做”等的动词后的宾语从句,一坚持insist二命令order,command,三建议suggest,advise,propose四要求require,request,desire,demand.,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,我要是你就好了(对现在的假设)IwishIwereyou.,你要是参加了婚礼就好了（对过去的假设）Iwishyouhadcometothewedding.,但愿你明天能来参加派对（对未来的假设）Iwishyoucouldcometothepartytomorrow.,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,我宁愿你给我讲真话(现在)Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.,我倒宁愿你没把这个秘密泄露出去。（过去）Iwouldratheryouhadntletoutthesecret.,我宁愿你下周六来（将来）Iwould(Id)ratheryoucamenextSaturday.,3.表示“建议，命令，要求，坚决做”等的动词后的宾语从句,常用（should）+动词原形的结构。,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,一坚持insist二命令order,command,三建议suggest,advise,propose四要求require,request,desire,demand.,他坚持自己做决定Heinsistedthathe(should)makehisdecision.,妈妈要求Tom八点睡觉MomorderedthatTom(should)gotobedat8oclockintheevening.,专家建议他少吃甜食Theexpertsuggested/advised/proposedthathe(should)eatlessdessert.,学校要求学生学习一门外语Theschoolrequired/requested/desired/demandedthatthestudents(should)learnaforeignlanguage.,3.表示“建议，命令，要求，坚决做”等的动词后的宾语从句,常用（should）+动词原形的结构。,虚拟语气用于宾语从句,一坚持insist二命令order,command,三建议suggest,advise,propose四要求require,request,desire,demand.,他坚持说他没有偷钱,他的表情说明他对这个演讲并不感兴趣。,他坚持认为，做早操对身体有益,当suggest意味“暗示、表明”insist意味“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应该用陈述语气。,他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划(agreeto)Thesmileonhisfacesuggeststhathe_tothisplan.,agrees,Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercise_(do)goodtopeopleshealth.,does,虚拟语气用于表语从句,1.Asif,asthough引导的表语从句中用虚拟语气,2.与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”等的动词相对应的名词（suggestion,proposal,advice,Demand,order,requirement等）构成的表语从句中，常用“（should）+do”结构。,与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would(might,could)+动词原形：,1.Asif,asthough引导的表语从句中用虚拟语气,虚拟语气用于表语从句,Heactsasifheknewme.他显得认识我似的。TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.他们待我如陌生人。Hetalksasifhehadbeenabroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。,2.与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”等的动词相对应的名词（suggestion,proposal,advice,Demand,order,requirement等）构成的表语从句中，常用“（should）+do”结构。,虚拟语气用于表语从句,我们决定推迟会议。,Ourdecisionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,我建议走回家,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)walkhome,要求每位学生学一门外语,Therequirementisthateverystudent(should)learnaforeignlanguage.,虚拟语气用于同位语从句,与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”等的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句常用”(should)+do”结构,如suggestion,proposal,advice,demand,order,requirement等,他提议举行一次英语演讲比赛Hemadeasuggestionthatthey(should)holdanEnglishspeechcontest.,医生建议我们多注意自己的身体。Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe(should)paymoreattentiontoourhealth,Hemadethesuggestionthatshe_bytrain.A.ShallgoB.goC.willgoD.shouldhavegone.,虚拟语气用于状语从句,1.由asif或asthough引导的状语从句可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况,2.目的状语从句,Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）,Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）,Itlooksasifitmightrain.天看上去好像要下雨。（不大