写作技巧讲练.ppt

WritingSkillsfateisinthehandsofaperson.,2.作文测试现场示范,C段：拓展句：A.Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweennumbersandluck.a.Numbersareonlydesignedtodistinguishthings.b.Theconnectionbetweennumbersandluckissheercoincidence.B.Goodluckdependsonsomefactorssuchashardworkandstrongdetermination.结尾句：Ibelievethereareluckssometimes,butIsimplydontrelatelucktonumbers.,2.作文测试现场示范,第三步：行文。根据框架和要点，连字成句，连句成段，连段成章。（10分钟）（注意适当辅以连接词或转承语）第四步：收笔。通读全文，修改和润色（3分钟）。写好作文的关键因素语篇结构、套语、句型、用词、条理、语法。,作文结构示意图,题目：段落I.主题句。推展句1.（论据或例证，下同）。推展句2.。推展句3。结尾句1.（根据需要而定，可有可无）段落II.主题句。推展句1.。推展句2.。推展句3.。结尾句1.（根据需要而定，可有可无）段落III.主题句。推展句1.。推展句2.。推展句3.结尾句1.（统揽全文，呼应中心）,作文常用词汇或套语,一.转承语：Besides,inaddition,moreover,however,nevertheless,despiteof+noun(thefactthat),inspiteof.二.列举要点：foronething,foranother,Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly,Finally,作文常用词汇或套语,三.罗列观点用词：argue,insistthat,consider,think,maintainthat,recommendthat,suggestthat.四.描述趋势、动态用词（主要用于图表作文）：increase,decrease,drop,fall,rise,decline,fluctuate,sharply,dramatically,slightly,greatly,moderately.,作文常用词汇或套语,五.时间词：inrecentyears,inthepastfewdecades,nowadays,today,inmoderntimes,inourtimes(age).六.引述个人观点用词：AsfarasIamconcerned,Asforme,Inmypart,speakingfrommyownexperience.七.引述原因用词：Whyisthat?Itsprobablybecause,Whathascausedtheproblem?Thereasonwhyisthat,作文常用词汇或套语,八.总结论点用词：Tosumup,Inconclusion,Allinall.九.表述明确观点用词：ItgoeswithoutsayingthatUndoubtedly;Nodoubt十.引述结果用词：Asaresult,Asaconsequence,Asamatterofthefact.,3.怎样写好英语段落,主题句的位置主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。,写作中常用的经典句型,1.the+est+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard,etc),Ofallthefactorsthatcontributetoonessuccess,hardworkandopportunityarethemostimportantonesthatmostpeoplehaveacknowledged.,2.Nothingis+erthanto+Vor:Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V,Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceivegoodeducation.Nothingismoredifficultthantobesuccessfulbothinfamilylifeandpersonalcareerinoneslife.,3.Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.(不可否认，.),Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlifehavegonefrombadtogood.Thereisnodenyingthatourglobeisbeingthreatenedbyenvironmentalpollution.,4.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子(全世界都知道.),Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattheeconomicglobalizationishavingmoreandmoreinfluenceonourlives.,5.Thereisnodoubtthat+句子(毫无疑问,.),Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。Thereisnodoubtthatpeaceanddevelopmenthavebecometheessentialaspectsinourmoderntimes.毫无疑问，和平与发展已经成为当今时代的主流。,6.Anadvantageofisthat+句子(.的优点是.),Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate(produce)anypollution.Anadvantageofkeepingpetsisthatpetscanbecomepeoplesgoodcompanions.,7.Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子(.的原因是.),Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.ThereasonwhypeoplechoosetomakefriendsonlineisprobablythattheywanttobroadentheirsocialcirclesthroughInternet.,8.So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(.是如此.以致于.),Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。SorewardingiscollegelifethatthereisnothingthatIwilltradeforit.,9.Adj+as+Subject(主词)+be,S+V(虽然.),Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。,10.The+er+S+V,the+er+S+V越是越是,Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.越是努力，你就会越进步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读越多，我们就越有学问。,11.By+Ving,can(凭借.，能够.),Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.凭借运动，我们能够始终保持健康。Bybeingfriendlytoothers,wewillmakeallkindsoffriendswhereverwego.,12.enable+Object(受词)+to+V(.使.能够.),Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。Readingextensivelywillenableustoacquireallkindsofknowledgefrombooks.,13.Onnoaccountcanwe+V(我们绝对不能.),Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。Onnoaccountshallwedisregardtheexistenceanddignityofothers.,14.Itistime+S+过去式(该是.的时候了),Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。ItishightimethatwerealizedthenegativeeffectsofstudentsplayingPCgamesinclasshours.,15.Itisconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)Itisobviousthat+句子(明显的)Itisapparentthat+句子(显然的),Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Itisobviousthatthedevelopmentofanationreliesmuchontalentsandthecultivationoftalentsdependsoneducation.,16.Itpaysto+V(.是值得的。),Justasasayinggoes“givesomeonearoseandthefragranceremainsinyourhand.”Soitpaystohelpothers.有句话说得好“给人玫瑰，手有余香”。因此，帮助别人是值得的。Itpaystoinvestoneducationinthelongrun.,17.bebasedon(以.为基础，建立在之上),Theprogressofthesocietyisbasedonharmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。Asisknowntoall,therelationshipbetweentwocountriesisbasedonequalityandmutualinterests.,18.Sparenoeffortto+V(不遗余力地去),Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。Althoughitisstillalongwaytogo,wemustsparenoeffortstomakeoursocietymoreharmoniousanddeveloped.,19.Haveagreatinfluenceon(对.有很大的影响),Internetishavinggreaterinfluencesonourlives.Itcannotbeignoredthatourdietsarehavingmoresignificantinfluencesonourhealth.,20.dogoodto(对.有益)doharmto(对.有害),Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。,21.Poseagreatthreatto(对.造成一大威胁),Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。Terrorismhasbeenposingagreatthreattothepeaceandstabilityoftheworld.,22.doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest(尽全力去.),Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我们应尽全力去实现我们的人生目标。,写作中常用的句式,1.复合句：,定语从句名词性从句状语从句,2.非谓语动词短语,不定式短语现在分词短语过去分词短语,3.虚拟句式,IfWithout/Butfor(that)ItishightimethatSuggest/advocate/proposethat,4.强调句式“Itbethat”,用于表达对某种因素的强调。e.g.Itisoutofremarkablebenefitsthatmanymanufacturersproducefakeorpoor-qualityproducts.,5.倒装句式,Bynomeans/Onnoaccount/Never引导的部分倒装结构，用以加强观点。e.g.Bynomeansshallweseelessofthenegativeeffectsthatchattingonlinemighthaveonourlives.,6.并列句式,常见由notonlybutalso,aswellas,inaddition,moreover,onthecontrary,therefore,asaresult等连接的并列句式。,7.对比或比照句式,Justas,e.g.Justaseverycoinhastwosides,hasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Like/Unlike,Likemostcountriesintheworld,Chinaisalsofacedwiththesocialproblemsofagingpopulation.,作文练习题,作文练习题,KeepingPets随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人喜欢养宠物。分析潜在的原因。养宠物对动物是祸是福？,Model:,Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementofpeopleslivingstandard,moreandmoreChinesepeoplechoosetokeepallkindsofpets,suchasdogs,cats,parrotsandthelike.Whydosomanypeoplelikekeepingpets?Ontheonehand,somepeoplepursuementalsatisfactiononbasisofmaterialenjoymentbykeepingpets;ontheotherhand,peoplekeeppetsinhopeofrelievingtheirworkpressure.Inaddition,someoldorsinglepeoplekeepcompanywiththeirpetstoeasetheirloneliness.Lastbutnotleast,keepingpetsisalsoareflectionofpeoplesgrowingawarenessofanimalprotection.,Iskeepingpetsablessingormisfortuneforanimals?Justaseverycoinhastwosides,keepingpetshasitspositiveandnegativesenses.Ontheonehand,keepingpetshelpstoenhancepeoplesawarenessofanimalprotectionandtodevelophumanaffectionsforanimals.Ontheotherhand,livinginhumancommunitieswilldepriveanimalsoftheirwildnaturetogetherwiththeirfreedomandabilitiestosurvive,whichwillturnouttobeamisfortuneforanimals.Ifwehumanbeingscantreatourpetsinmoreproperways,maybewecanbalancebetweenthegoodandbadsidesofkeepingpets.提示：勿提及传播疾病、玩物丧志等，以免离题。,作文练习题,MakingFriendsOnline为什么许多人热衷于网上交友？网上交友的利与弊。我的看法。,Model:,WiththerapiddevelopmentofITtechnology,Internethasbecomeamostadvancedmeansofcommunicationforpeople.Asaresult,moreandmorepeopleenjoymakingfriendsonline.Justaseverycoinhastwosides,makingfriendsonlinehasbecomeadouble-edgedswordforpeople.Ontheonehand,Internetprovidesuswithwidersocialcirclesinwhichwecanmeetandmakefriendswithpeopleinallpartsoftheworld,andwecanbroadenourhorizonbymakingfriendsofdifferentraces,sexes,culturesandprofessions.Ontheotherhand,sinceInternetisavirtualworld,wecaneasilyfallintothetrapshiddenbehindit.,Moreover,addictionstothevirtualspacemay,inthelongrun,depriveusofthenormalsocialabilitiesandfurtherisolateusfromtherealsociety.AsfarasIamconcerned,sincemenaretheholdersofthedouble-edgedsword,itsalluptoustomakegooduseofthisnewwayofmakingfriends.Foronething,weshouldstayalertwhenmakingfriendsonline.Neverbereadilydependentonothersbeforeconfirmation.Foranother,weshouldneverrelytoomuchonmakingfriendsonline,instead,weshouldkeeptouchwithpeoplearoundintherealsocietyincaseweendnowhereinthevirtualworldofInternet.whetherlikeitornot,makingfriendsonlineisandwillstillbeanimportantpartofourlife.,作文练习题,PsychologicalProblems越来越多的人有了心理问题。分析出现心理问题的原因。我的看法。,作文练习题,Internet-Two-EdgedSword上网给人们带来的好处。上网给人们带来的负面影响。你的看法。,作文练习题,JobProblemsforGraduates大学毕业生在就业方面有什么变化。导致这种变化的原因是什么。就如何解决这个问题给出你的建议。（Situation-Problem-SolutionPattern）,ShouldPrivateCarsBeEncouragedinChina在中国，私人汽车拥有量在增加有些人赞成拥有私人汽车，有些人反对你的观点,作文练习题,作文练习题,Youareauniversitystudentlivingonthecampus.Onedayyoufindsomethingwrongwithyouraccommodation.SoyouwritealettertotheAccommodationServicesCenterandtellthemwhathappened,whatyouexpectthemtodo.(LetterofComplaints),作文练习题,Yourfriendwrotetoyouandtoldyouthathejustgraduatedfromuniversityandgotagoodjob.WriteALetterofCongratulationstohim.Yourlettershouldincludethefollowingcontents:1.表示祝贺2.相信并鼓励他在未来的工作中能做得更好3.送上祝福（LetterofCongratulations）,ALetterofCongratulation,DearJack,IammuchdelightedtohearyouhavejustgraduatedfromBeijingUniversitywithhonorsandenteredtheIBMCorporation.Thisisaspecialmomentforyouandallthefriendsandrelatives,andIwanttosharethehappiness.Afteryearsofhardandcreativeworkandstudy,youfinallygetagoodharvest.Imsureyouwillalwaysbeproudofthoseacademicyears.Ibelieveyourgraduationwillbeanewbeginning,achanceforyoutoembraceanewandbroaderfuture.Knowledgeandskillsacquiredincollegewillnotonlyhelpyouunderstandwhatshappeningaroundyou,butalsohelpyoumakerig