初中英语冠词代词的总结

ReviewsByCynthiaChoi,Content,冠词代词,冠词,不定冠词a/an定冠词the,不定冠词,所谓不定冠词，关键在于“不定”二字。也就是说，没有特定。Eg:Thisisabeautifulflower.Ihaveacat.A/an主要判断在于所修饰的名词/名词短语的发音是否以原音为首Eg:Itisagirl.Mr.Smithhasasmartchild.Whataniceday!Thereisanappledroppingfromthetree.LasteveningIreadaninterestingstory.Anoldmanlivesinthishouse.,定冠词The,*所谓定冠词，就是指“特定，特指的”第二次提及、出现的Eg:Tomfoundawalletontheground.ThewalletisMarys.说话人之间所熟悉的，了解的Eg：-Look,howlovelythedogis!-Yeah,thedogisplayingwiththeball.世界上独一无二的事物Eg:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.TheGreatWallisthelongestwallintheworld.序数词和最高级形容词Eg:Jeremygetsthefirstpricein100-metre-running.ThetallestboyinourclassisJason.Ithinkthisdayisthemostwonderfulday.,定冠词The,特指某一事物、某一个人Eg:Theboyinbluejacketismybrother.Mybookistheoneonthetable.PS：one在此是代词，代book乐器前面Eg:Myhobbyisplayingthepiano.在形容词前面加the，表示一类人，一类事物Eg:Theoldshouldbetakencareof.Weshouldhelpthepoor.修饰姓加S，如TheSmiths指一家人Eg:TheCurriesarenice.,零冠词“/”,判断是否用零冠词，可以根据是否符合冠词的条件，不符合则零冠词。Eg:IamChinese.SheisChinesebutshecanspeakFrench.注意区分：IamChinese.IamaChinesegirl.关键在于Chinese后面是否有名词，若有名词则需要用冠词，此处没有特指（即不定），所以用不定冠词，而不用the。,Exercises1,用a,an,the,/填空1.-Tom,mayIborrow_bookfromyou?-Yes,comehere.2.-HeyJeff,whereismypen?-_redone?Iseeitontheteachersdesk.3.MyteacherisfromCanadaandshespeak_Englishaswellas_French.4.Scientistsfindouttheremaybecreaturesin_moon.5.Pleaselookat_fifthpicture.6.Whichonedoyoulikebest,_blackoneor_whiteone?7.Iwillspend_houronstudy.8.Sarahlikesreadingandplaying_guitar.9.Johnismypenpalandheis_Americanstudent.10.Myneighbor_Swiftsareveryfriendly.AnswerForEx1,代词,指示代词人称代词物主代词不定代词反身代词疑问代词,指示代词,顾名思义，含有“指示”的作用，简单言之，这个，这些，那个，那些ThisTheseThatThose近指：“这”，this&these区别在于一单一复Eg:Thisbookisveryinteresting.Thesebooksareveryinteresting.远指：“那”，区别同上Eg:Thatboyoverthereismyclassmate.Thoseboysovertherearemyclassmates.,人称代词人称代词，就是代替“人称”，通常第二次提及同一个人就用人称代词。,单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeWeus第二人称YouyouYouyou第三人称SheherTheythemHehimItitPS：主格则作为主语，宾格则作为宾语。简单句的结构：主语+谓语+宾语,1.Mrs.ShawnisanEnglishteacherandsheisverykind.2.JefftellsmethathegetsAinmath.3.-DontdisturbHilary.Shestudiedallnight.Letherhaveagoodrest.4.-Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Wouldyouliketojoinus?5.Itisgoingtorain.WehavetotellKateandEvetotakeumbrellas,ortheywillgetwet.注意是充当主语还是宾语。,物主代词物主也就是说表示从属、所属关系，即涉及谁属于谁、谁是谁的、某物是某人的。,单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称MymineOurours第二人称YouryoursYouryours第三人称HerhersTheirtheirsHishisItsits注意形容词性即充当形容词，后加名词。名词性即包含了名词。如：Jim指着桌子上的电话说：Thisismyphone.Thisismine.那么，myphone=mine.虽然翻译成中文，都是“我的”，但名词性的物主代词如mine其实是“我的XX”，而后加的名词是被省略了。,1.-Whosebookisit?-Itismine.2.Therearemanypencilsandmypencilisred.3.YougetAintheexam,whatabouttheirresults?4.Ourfathersareteachers,andtheirsaredoctors.5.Lookatthisblackcat.Ithastwobigeyesanditshairisverysoft.6.Carolsaysshewilltakeherphotostous.注意：判断是形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词，关键看后面是否有名词。Ps:加粗黑体为人称代词。,Exercises2,Thisweekwearegoingtoseeamovie,whatabout_?youryouyoursusTheyarewaitingfor_motherstotake_home.theirtheytheirsthemtheirtheirtheirthem,Jackhasalovelycat._earsaretriangleand_isfromBritain.ItitItsheItitsItsit-WhereisJasonsbag?Heasksmetohelp_findit.-Whatcoloris_?heithisitshisithimitAnswersForEx2,Knowledgeadded,_fathersareteachers._fatherisateacher.ElenaandJeremysElenasandJeremyElenaandJeremyElenasandJeremys,Knowledgeadded,D根据题目，fathers,are,teachers等复数词提示，Elena和Jeremy的父亲不是同一个人，那么是sbsandsbs的表达形式。A根据题目，father,is,a,teacher等单数词提示，Elena和Jeremy的父亲是同一个人，那么只需要写成sbandsbs.至于其他形式都是错的，而且选项C纯粹是名词，题目需要一个修饰主语father的物主性形容词，所以也不符合。,AnswersForEx1,2,Ans11.a2.The3./4.the5.the6.thethe7.an8.the9.an10.the,AnswersForEx1,2,Ans21.B2.Dmothers提示了此处是形容词性物主代词，第二空take后接宾语，所以是宾格them3.D首先ears的存在提示了此处应该是物主代词，因为涉及了从属所属关系，所以排除AC，又因为后句缺少的主语是猫的代词，应该用动物它，it.4.D句子Heasksme.需要一个人称代词，而help后面接宾语，所以是him,句子whatcolor.缺少主语。,不定代词,不定，即没有限定，不具体的。Some&AnySome:主要用在肯定句和用在含有请求、询问意见的意思时的疑问句Any:主要用在否定句和疑问句Eg:a.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.肯定句b.Wouldyouliketogivemesomebooks?请求、询问意见的疑问句c.Isthereanybookonthedesk?疑问句d.Thereisnotanybookonthedesk.否定句PS:注意句b是询问别人意见，通常是索取某物，而句c虽然也在询问，但是在询问有没有，这是询问事实，而不是询问意见，所以不同的。,2.every,each,all,both等不定代词。every&eachEg:Everystudentgoestoschoolat7:00am.Eachofstudentsgoestoschoolat7:00am.Every和each都是每一个的意思，那么动词需要用单数形式Every直接加名词，而each需要接of+名词复数，Each不同于every的是，它是众多数的每一个,b.All&bothEg:Allstudentsgotoschoolat7:00am.BothMaryandTomgotoschoolat7:00am.Bothofyougotoschoolat7:00am.all是三者以上，意为全部；both是两者，意为两者都。所以两词的动词都是原形形式。Bothand.或者Bothof+复数宾格或者名词复数,3.复合不定代词（即不定代词的复合词）,如:something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody和everybody等。用法跟some,any相似。KnowledgeaddedA.Iknowsomethingabouther.Iknoweverythingabouther.以下两句意思是相同的nothing=not动词anything表示否定Iknownothingabouther.Idontknowanythingabouther.不定代词+形容词Thereissomethinginterestinginthisbook.,-Isthereanybodyhere?有人吗？-Yes,somebodyishere.有人-No,nobodyishere.没有人此处anybody是任何人的意思，也就是随便问是否有人，而somebody是某个人，回答有人，但具体是谁不知道。-Iseverybodyhere?大家都来在吗？-No,Jimisathome.-Yes,allarehere.此处是问是否人都来齐了。,B.,Exercises3,用不定代词填空。_JessicaandJennygotoschoolonfoot.-MayIhave_todrink?Thereare_wonderfulaboutthefilm._studentsinmyclassareChinese._flowerhasitsbeauty.AmyandKatearesisters,so_ofthemarefromAustralia._ofchairshasanumber.-Tim,isthere_waterintheglass?_peopleliketoplayfootball.Demon,StefanandMattareAmericans,so_ofthemspeakEnglish.,AnswersForEx3,1.Both2.something3.something4.All5.Every6.both7.Each8.any9.Some10.All,反身代词,单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称herselfthemselveshimselfitself反身代词都翻译为.自己，通常有by出现1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的,Eg:1.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.2.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.3.a.Hesawhimselfinthemirror.b.Hesawhiminthemirror.(句a镜子里和他是同一个人，而句b则不是同一个人。),KnowledgeAdded,反身代词不能做主语，但可作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：误：Myselfwenttothecinema.正：Iwenttothecinemamyself.反身代词可以作宾语的同位语YoucangoandaskJohnhimself.反身代词可以作介词的宾语。byoneself全靠自己；saytooneself自言自语。Shelearntswimmingallbyherself.ShesaidtoherselfWhoamI?反身代词作动词的宾语enjoyoneself玩得高兴；helponeself(to)随便用；hurtoneself伤害自己；teachoneself自学；getdressedoneself自己穿衣,疑问代词,what,who,whose,whom,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomeverWhat什么注：what通常与do搭配，dowhat，做什么Eg:Whatareyoudoing?Who/Whom谁注：who是充当主语，whom是充当宾语Eg:Whoisgoingtohelpme?谁来帮我此处谁为主语Whomareyoutalkingto?你在和谁说话此处谁为宾语,Whose谁的注：涉及物主、所属whose=ofwhichEg:Whosethispenisit?Which哪一个Eg:Whichonedoyoulikebest,theredone,theblueoneorthepinkone?whose=ofwhich（介词of有表示所属关系）when=atwhich,onwhich,inwhichwhere=atwhich,onwhich,inwhich,whatever无论什么whichever无论哪一个whoever和whomever无论谁Eg:Whateveryoudo,Iwontchangemymind.无