计算机介绍英文版

1,Teacher:baiyanE-mail:baiyan1,Chapter1:IntroductiontoComputers,2,Chapter1Objectives,Recognizetheimportanceofcomputerliteracy,Definethetermcomputerandidentifyitscomponents,Explainwhyacomputerisapowerfultool,Recognizethepurposeofanetwork,DiscusstheusesoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb,Distinguishbetweeninstallingandrunningaprogram,Identifythetypesofsoftware,Describethecategoriesofcomputers,Determinehowtheelementsofaninformationsysteminteract,Identifythetypesofcomputerusers,Discussvariouscomputerapplicationsinsociety,3,AWorldofComputers,Whatiscomputerliteracy?,p.5Fig.1-1,Knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheiruses,Computersareeverywhere,4,Howisacomputerdefined?,WhatIsaComputer?,p.6,Electronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemory,5,WhatIsaComputer?,Whatistheinformationprocessingcycle?,p.6Fig.1-2,InputProcessOutputStorageCommunication,6,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisaninputdevice?,p.7Fig.1-3,Hardwareusedtoenterdataandinstructions,7,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisanoutputdevice?,p.8Fig.1-3,Hardwarethatconveysinformationtoauser,8,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisthesystemunit?,p.8Fig.1-3,Box-likecasecontainingelectroniccomponentsusedtoprocessdata,9,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard?,p.8,CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)AlsocalledaprocessorCarriesoutinstructionsthattellcomputerwhattodo,MemoryTemporaryholdingplacefordataandinstructions,10,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisstorage?,p.8,StoragemediaPhysicalmaterialonwhichdata,instructions,andinformationarestored,StoragedeviceRecordsandretrievesitemstoandfromastoragemedium,Holdsdata,instructions,andinformationforfutureuse,11,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisstoragemedia?,p.8,Digitalcameras,Handheldcomputers,Portable,thinmemorycardsusedin:,12,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisafloppydisk?,p.8Fig.1-4,Thin,circular,flexiblediskenclosedinrigidplasticshell,AUSBflashdriveisportable,andhasmuchgreaterstoragecapacity,13,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisaflashdrive?,p.9Fig.1-5,ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorZipdisk,Smallandlightweightenoughtobetransportedonakeychainorinapocket,14,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisaflashdrive?,15,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisaharddisk?,p.9Fig.1-6,ProvidesmuchgreaterstoragecapacitythanafloppydiskorUSBflashdrive,Housedinsidethesystemunit,16,TheComponentsofaComputer,Whatisacompactdisc?,p.9Fig.1-7,Flat,round,portablemetaldisc,CD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW,17,WhyIsaComputerSoPowerful?,p.10,Whatmakesacomputerpowerful?,18,NetworksandtheInternet,Whatisanetwork?,p.10,CommunicationsMedia,CommunicationsDevice,Collectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether,19,Toshare,NetworksandtheInternet,Whatarethereasonstonetwork?,p.10,Resources,Hardwaredevices,Softwareprograms,Data,Tosavetimeandmoney,Information,20,NetworksandtheInternet,Whatisaserver?,p.10Fig.1-8,Managestheresourcesonanetwork,Aclientaccessestheresourcesontheserver,21,NetworksandtheInternet,WhatistheInternet?,p.11Fig.1-9,Worldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillionsofcomputers,22,NetworksandtheInternet,p.12Fig.1-10,WhydousersaccesstheInternet?,Information,Shopping,BankingandInvesting,Classes,Entertainment,Communications,23,NetworksandtheInternet,WhatistheWeb?,p.13,AWebsiteisacollectionofrelatedWebpages,AWebpagecontainstext,graphics,sound,video,andlinkstootherWebpages,YoucanshareinformationbycreatingWebpagesorpostingphotosonaphotocommunity,Billionsofdocuments,calledWebpages,availabletoanyoneconnectedtotheInternet,24,ComputerSoftware,Howdoyouinstallasoftwareprogram?,p.14Fig.1-13,Aprogramisaseriesofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodo,25,ComputerSoftware,Whatissystemsoftware?,p.15,OperatingSystem(OS)isasetofprogramsthatcoordinatesallactivitiesamongcomputerhardwaredevicesandallowsuserstorunapplicationsoftware,UtilityProgramsallowtheusertoperformmaintenance-typetasksusuallyrelatedtomanagingacomputer,itsdevicesoritsprograms,Programsthatcontroltheoperationsofthecomputeranditsdevices,26,ComputerSoftware,Whatisapplicationsoftware?,p.16Fig.1-15,PresentationGraphics,Spreadsheet,Database,WordProcessing,Programsthatperformspecifictasksforusers,27,ComputerSoftware,Whatisaprogrammer?,p.17Fig.1-16,Someonewhodevelopsapplicationorsystemsoftware,Programmerwritesinstructionstodirectcomputertoprocessdataintoinformation,Javascriptprogram,ResultingInternetapplication,28,CategoriesofComputers,p.18,Whatarethecategoriesofcomputers?,29,ComputerSoftware,Whatisagraphicaluserinterface(GUI)?,p.14Fig.1-14,AllowsyoutointeractwiththesoftwareusinggraphicsandiconsControlshowyouenterdataandhowthescreendisplaysinformation,30,PersonalComputers,Whatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonalcomputers?,p.19Figs.1-181-19,PCandcompatiblesusetheWindowsoperatingsystem,AppleMacintoshusestheMacintoshoperatingsystem(MacOS),31,PersonalComputers,Whatisadesktopcomputer?,p.19Fig.1-18,Designedsoallofthecomponentsfitonorunderadeskortable,32,PersonalComputers,Whatisanotebookcomputer?,p.20Fig.1-20,Portable,smallenoughtofitonyourlapAlsocalledalaptopcomputerGenerallymoreexpensivethanadesktopcomputer,33,HandheldComputers,WhatisatabletPC?,p.20Fig.1-21,Especiallyusefulfortakingnotes,Resemblesaletter-sizedslate,Allowsyoutowriteonthescreenusingadigitalpen,34,HandheldComputers,WhatareWeb-enabledhandheldcomputers?,p.21Fig.1-23,Allowyoutochecke-mailandaccesstheInternet,Web-enabledtelephoneisa“smartphone”,35,HandheldComputers,Whatisahandheldcomputer?,p.21,36,HandheldComputers,Whatisapersonaldigitalassistant(PDA)?,p.21Fig.1-23,ProvidespersonalorganizerfunctionsCalendarAppointmentbookAddressbookCalculatorNotepad,37,Servers,Whattypesofserversarethere?,p.22and23Figs.1-251-27,MidrangeserverPowerful,largecomputerthatsupportsuptoafewthousandcomputers,MainframeVerypowerful,expensivecomputerthatsupportsthousandsofcomputers,SupercomputerThefastest,mostpowerful,mostexpensivecomputer.Usedforapplicationsrequiringcomplexmathematicalcalculations,38,ElementsofanInformationSystem,Whatareinformationsystemelements?,p.24Fig.1-28,PeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware,39,ExamplesofComputerUsage,p.25Fig.1-29,Whatarefivecategoriesofcomputerusers?,40,ExamplesofComputerUsage,Whatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser?,p.26Fig.1-30,41,ExamplesofComputerUsage,p.28Fig.1-33,Localareanetwork(LAN)ProductivitysoftwareSpecialtysoftwareWebusageE-mail,Whatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice/homeoffice(SOHO)user?,42,Hardware,ExamplesofComputerUsage,Whatisavailableforamobileuser?,p.29Fig.1-35,SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonalinformationmanager,43,ExamplesofComputerUsage,Whataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser?,p.30Figs.1-371-40,Webaccess,Publickiosk,Tele