高中名词详解及改错练习

名词一 名词的所有格1. 名词单数词尾+ 2. 名词复数词尾（以s结尾）+ ；（不以s结尾）+ e.g. todays news the childrens books Mothers Day Childrens Day a two hours flight= a four hours walk=改错： The girl s shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into Toms cars. The village is far away from here indeed. Its a four hours walk.l -s所有格后表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑等的名词常被省略。at the doctorsat the barbersat the bakersat the butchers3. A and Bs As and Bs改错： Tom and Li Mings rooms are big and bright. Peters and Mary fathers both teach in the same school.4. n +of + n 一般用于无生命事物的名词，有时也可表示人和其他有生命的事物的所有关系。l 当定冠词the加形容词表一类人时或当名词有较长的定语修饰时，常用此所有格形式。e.g. the life of the rich; the son of the man in a black coat5. 双重所有格在表示所属的名词前有冠词、数次、不定代词或指示代词等修饰时，常用“n+ of + ns所有格/名词性物主代词”形式来表示所属关系。l 当of前的名词是photo, picture, portrait等时，双重所有格与of所有格表示的意义不同l a picture of Tomsl a picture of Tome.g. He has only read five books of Dickens.改错： Jack is an old friend of me.二. 名词的数量表达1. 可数名词1) a/an +可数名词单数a car; an hour; a European country; a useful book2) 数词+可数名词复数two bees; ten pens; three tomatoes3) a/an +单数量词+of+可数名词复数a pair of shoes; a group of children4) (数词)+复数量词+of+可数名词复数two boxes of pens; two pairs of gloves2. 不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词又称为不可数名词，一般借助“数词+量词+of+名词”结构来表示数量。1) a/an +单数量词+of+不可数名词a bag of rice; a bottle of wine; a piece of advice2) (数词)+复数量词+of+不可数名词three cups of tea; two glasses of milkl 一些物质名词在表达个体概念时视为可数名词，如：two coffees两杯咖啡；three beers三杯啤酒三. 名词的数量修饰语1. many等+可数名词复数只修饰可数名词复数的词或短语如下：many, (a) few, a great (good) many, a number of等l many a2. much等+不可数名词只修饰不可数名词的词或短语如下：much; (a) little; a good/great deal of; a good/great/ large amount of; large/great amounts等3. a lot of等+可数名词复数/不可数名词既可修饰可数复数，又可修饰不可数名词的词或词组有：some; plenty of; lots of; a lot of; quantities of; a quantity of; masses of; a mass of等。改错： The young man made a great many of mistakes. A number of my friends came to the party. I hear quite a lot boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. He doesnt have much moneys with him. Theres few cooking oils left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get some? As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantities of desert have covered the land. We always keep plenty of spare paper, in case we ran out. 四. 名词作定语1. 名词普通格+名词表示被修饰名词的职业、身份、性别，或说明被修饰名词的用途、只能、材料以及时间、地点、类属和范畴，常用名词的单数形式；但sports, clothes, sales等除外a mountain village; a clothes shop; food industry; a book store; a shoe storel 此类复合名词之复数形式一般只变后面的名词，但man/ woman作定语时，与后面的名词都变复数。l women teachers; men doctors;2. 名词所有格+名词 a two months holiday3.数词修饰作定语+名词a three days walk= a three-day walk; 若作后置定语，则只能用无连字符形式。a girl of 8 years old改错： The bicycles shop is just around the corner and you wont miss it. She will have a three days holiday this month. It took us quite a long time to get there. It was a three-hours journey.五 主谓一致1. 普通名词作主语单数/不可数名词 可数名词复数 Her father works for a computer company.Wal-Mart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.2. 名词+and+名词+谓三and连接两个单数名词表示同一人、物或概念，谓语动词仍用单数形式。A knife and fork is on the table.3. each/every(and each/ every)+谓三当and连接由every, each, no等限定多个单数主语时，谓语动词应用单数，后一个限定词可省略。Each hour and (each) minute has its value.4. 主语+with/ together with/ as well as等 + 名词当主语后跟with/ together with/ as well as/ except/ rather than/ like/ but/ including+ 名词结构时，谓语动词须与前面的主语保持一致。Tom, together with his friends, is to arrive on the evening flight.5. or/eitheror/neithernor/not onlybut (also)+谓语动词Either you or he knows how to answer the question.6. one of + 复数名词+谓三one of + 复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语(the) only one of + 复数名词+关系代词+谓三At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport is that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.Jason is the only one of Chinese movie stars who won an Oscar this year.7. some/any/all/the rest/分数、百分数(+of)+名词单数名词/不可数名词：复数名词：Some of the money was spent on clothes.Two thirds of these books are worth reading.8. class/family/group/team等作主语集体名词audience, army, class, team, population, group, crowd, company, public等作主语时，作为整体：着眼于集体中的成员：The family owns two cars.Their football team are doing shopping now.9. 时间/距离/价值/重量等+谓三A hundred miles is a long distance.10. a number ofthe number ofThe number of the students who are against the proposal is large.11. 动名词/不定式/主语从句+谓三l 表示单一概念的动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数l what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语从句的意义。What we needed most were books.12. more than one/many a(n)+名词单数+谓三a(n)+单数名词+and a half+谓三A month and a half has passed since I saw him last time.改错： All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming are damaging our health. The construction of the two new railway lines has completed by now. A poet and artist are coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. Every boy and girl in the area were invited. The basketball coach, as well his team, was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. The teacher together with the students are discussing Reading Skills that was newly published in America. All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. Either you or one of your student is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wear evening dress. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third was used regularly. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks are so small that a day is unimportant.