高中英语短文改错讲座

高中英语短文改错讲座高考短文改错满分为10分，分数不多但是每一分都很关键。本题的宗旨是测试考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。即考查学生的词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力。错误的形式常可分为缺词、多词和错词三种。一、解题思路（三步解题法）：第一步：快速浏览全文，把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。第二步：细读文章的每一句话。一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来做题。第三步：代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文，看其是否通顺。注意：在修改过程当中，一定要相信自己的第一感觉。即一般来说，第一次填写的答案正确率比较高，没有十足地把握不易轻易改正！二、短文改错需要遵循的三个原则1.错误以改动最少为原则：即尽可能在一个词上进行改动。可以是增词、减词、改词。2.实词以改变形式为原则：在改错中，实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，不改变其词义，也不把它改换成另一个实词，更不能对其随便添加或删除。例句1：Would you mind do me a favour?解析:此处考查mind后面应该跟动词的-ing形式。如果将mind给删掉了，使原句成为Would you do me a favour?这样改虽然纠正了语法错误，但是句子的语气却变得不再委婉。所以正确答案是” do改成doing” .例句2：I am sure we will have a wonderfully time together.解析:把wonderfully改为wonderful. Wonderfully是副词，不能做定语。如果把wonderfully改为good,这样虽然在意思上对了，但是却削弱了语气。3.原意以保持不变为原则：也就是说改错不能改变文章或作者说表达的意思，只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。例句1：Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in cleaner surroundings.解析：正确答案为去掉to。因为and连接的是三个并列的谓语动词know,have和live。如果将and去掉而保留了to,to live in cleaner surroundings成了目的状语。这样改，从语法角度看是正确的，但是句子的结构和意义却变了，故去掉and不是正确的答案。例句2：Thats why Americans get uneasy when a listener is silence and shows no change of expression.解析：正确答案为silence改为silent。 如果对silence前加介词构成in silence短语很熟悉，所以一看此处silence前无介词in,即判断为少介词in,但忽略了介词短语in silence相当于副词silently,表示安静地、无声地，多用作状语，修饰动词。而此处要把silence改为silent，silent与前面的系动词is构成系表结构，表示状态。三、短文改错的十项一致：1.主谓一致，及其名词前面冠词是否用错或漏了。2.时态和语态的一致。3.名词和代词的一致。4.比较级和最高级比较对象和比较范围的一致。5.修饰成分与被修饰成分的一致。6.连词与所连接的两部分在行文逻辑上一致。7.功能词（介词、助动词、冠词、连词等）与实义词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）搭配关系的一致。8.定语从句关系词与现行词的一致。9.限定动词（或短语）与非限定动词搭配关系的一致。10.行文逻辑上的一致。四、解题思路：缺词、多词、错词。缺词：漏掉的往往是冠词，介词，连词等虚词。这又与前后词的搭配有关。大概统计如下：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词名词前是否缺冠词不及物动词介词不及物动词后是否缺介词不定式小品词to不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的“to”被动语态助动词被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be母语迁移词类用法将形容词，副词或介词视作动词使句子缺少位于动词固定搭配惯用法惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词多词：多余的词，往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、代词等。一种是根据涉及到的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词和其它词。大概统计如下：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词抽象名词，物质名词泛指时是否多了冠词动词介词及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词不定式小品词to不定式前是否多了该省略的“to”时间状语介词时间状语中是否多用了介词形容词、副词比较结构形容词，副词比较结构中是否多了相似词固定搭配惯用法固定搭配是否“画蛇添足”错词：错词的类型复杂，但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最容易被命题者所关注。大概统计如下：命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否误用名词名词的数句中名词该用单数还是复数动词动词时态、语态以及主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确非谓语动词分词、动名词、不定式根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用代词人称代词的格、指代及关系代词与从句的关系1.人称代词的格是否误用。2.代词前后指代是否一致。3.定语从句中关系词是否误用。形容词、副词词法判断句中形容词和副词是否混淆使用介词惯用法惯用法中介词是否误用连词句法判断句中并列连词，从属连词是否误用二、出题规律以及破解关键：高考短文改错出题人一般会在以下八个方面进行出题。掌握出题规律之后做题便会事半功倍！1.动词：（1）主要考察能力：时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。 （2）出题形式：时态混用：例：Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.讲解：很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式，因此应把can改为could。主谓不一致：例：There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解：原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。固定搭配：例： I have given up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.讲解：give up doing sth。因此动词somke应该改为somking。2.名词：（1）主要考察能力：单复数混用。（2）出题形式：单复数混用例：Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.讲解：“年龄多大了”复数形式，把year改为years。注意：代词单复数混用类似。例：As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”3.形容词/副词（1）主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。（2）出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中例： During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.讲解：很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中例：As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”讲解：原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时，她开始兴奋地叫道-，显然应把excited改为excitedly，用来修饰动词cheer。4.介词（1）主要考察能力：（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。（2）出题形式：介词省略例：Im surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.讲解：get rid of 是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”介词多余例：My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.讲解：这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。介词用错(一般为固定搭配)例：I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”讲解：pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思；pick up捡起的意思。5.连词（1）主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系。常考三种关系：but转折and并列because原因 例： One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 讲解：显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”，所以应该把but改为because/as/for。例：Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 讲解：原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天，学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点，并且如果他们同外国人交谈，能够提高他们的英语水平。”所以前后句之间是并列关系，因该把but改为and6.句式（1）主要考察能力：常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。（2）出题形式：例： She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 讲解：原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情”，很明显应该把that改为what。注意：这一形式是改错常考点。例： We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 讲解：原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子，这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语，所以应该把which改为what。7. 冠词（1）主要考察能力：句中冠词是否多余（2）出题形式：冠词多余例：I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 讲解：区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”，即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面，比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面)；而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面，比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。冠词遗漏例： As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解：at an - age固定搭配词组，表示“出于-年龄”，比如说at an early/tender age，可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候” 8.代词（1）主要考察能力：代词是否多余，以及与反身代词之间的混用。（2）出题形式：代词多余例： Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解：lose heart：become discouraged泄气；丧失勇气；而lose ones heart（to sb/st）：fall in love爱上；钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差，离题千里。代词混用例： We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中，彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难，其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。注意：the other表示两者之中“另一个”；the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。代词遗漏例： A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his，表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。 作形式主语和形式宾语的it.I find difficult to make friends with you. 我发现跟你交朋友很难。短语改错单句练习200题:一1. I once watched an one-act play, which was played by an l l-year-old boy. 2. Have you married? 3. The price of the car is very expensive. 4. When speaking, you must make yourself understand. 5. What subject are you interested? 6. Surprised hear the voice, the man turned. 7. This is what I am used. 8. He built a telescope which he could study the skies. 9. If you really like the T- shirt, why not to buy it? 10.I promise that the matter will be taken care. 二1. Being a hot day, we all went swimming. 2. The story is very worth listening to. 3. The thief has caught climbing over the garden wall. 4. Dont forget your dictionary at home. 5. This is the very child looked by her. 6. One of the first books printed in English was hunting with birds. 7. The ice isnt thick enough for us to skate. 8. He was the first student coming to school yesterday. 9. If you want to be understood, you should speak of slowly and clearly to the listeners. 10.No matter whenever you call, you will find him at his desk. 三1. This is the house that he is used to live in. 2. I need one more stamp before my collection completes. 3. A day I met a foreigner while along the street. 4. He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher. 5. Some singers and dancers will have on performances in order to collect money for the Hope Project. 6. That hears a good idea, dont you think so? 7. The parents are looking after their ill son. 8. Id like going to the Nanhaizi Milu Park. 9. He was punished because what he had done. 10.We called at Mr Smith yesterday. 四1. Mary is very clever and very worth teaching.2. Oh! You have grown up so that I hardly knew you. 3. What good time we had last night! 4. Mathilde had been married with a clerk with little money for over years. 5. How much does the set of books spend you? 6. The reason is why I m deeply touched by his story. 7. Why not just wearing a flower instead? 8. “Why couldnt they meet us at five o clock?” “ Because they were de-layed by heavy traffics. 9. To my great surprising, he didnt feel surprised at his failure. 10.She pretended sleeping when I entered. 五1.Ms King cut her hair, bought some mens clothes ,used a mans name and finally getting a job in Mr Pattiss company.2. I dont want to see the boy his father is now in prison.3.Its sure that there is nothing that a woman cant do.4.The room, its window face south, is our classroom.5. So as to get a job, Ms King had to lie to the Notco Company.6. Its stupid for you to say so.7. He replied with a loud smile, “It was Tom who gave me that book.”8. I remembered the whole thing as if it was happened just yesterday.9. Would you like some more tea? Yes, but just little.10. He found some old people be seated at the back of the classroom.六1. Where have you gone all these years?2. The only alive milu deer in the world were in England.3. Great changes have been taken place in my home town since 1978.4. This novel is worth being read.5. She married to a man she didnt love at all.6. The letter I accepted yesterday was from Mr. Zhong, my best friend.7. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. The rooms are painted.8. I have recognized him for a few years, you see.9. We want to know what can we do to help the poor man.10. It believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.七1. What she said sounded wonderfully.2. I hoped someone else to take his place.3. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.4. Gold is similar in colour than brass. 5. The book belongs to mine. 6. The car is belonged to his uncle. 7. We were having our English lesson then a face to make the others laugh. 8. Suddenly the building is on fire. 9. The house is too old to live. 10.Those ladders are enough long to reach the top of the building. 八1. You must see a doctor in case of you are ill.2. You were lucky to escape to be punished. 3. The dictionary being bought yesterday has been given to Mary. 4. Her brother being a PLA man is twenty years old. 5. Have you heard of the accident happened the other day?6.The meeting held next week is very important. 7. The silent student left the group without say goodbye to the others. 8. Her job was to take care of the being wounded soldier. 9. I think he is the first arriving. 10.Seeing from the tower, the park looks very beautiful.九1. Not knowing where to go, so he wandered along the streets. 2. He went into the house, being followed by some children. 3. Yesterday I received a telegraph saying that my poor grandfather had passed away. 4. Can you say the difference between these two books? 5. The traffic is so much that I cant get through. 6. Peter is the man you can turn for help when you are in trouble. 7. This factory produces twice number of the tractors of last year. 8.The man with uniform is a policeman. 9. A new railway is said to be in construction now. 10.It is unknown by us whether the sports meet will be held tomorrow. 十1. I will not attend his birthday party unless being asked to. 2. He has got used to get up very early every morning. 3. This is the very dictionary which Im looking for. 4. This is not my first time visit to the village.5. It is not difficult to recognize his sound on the phone. 6. Ill go to where Im most needed. 7. The film “Ti tanic”is very worth seeing a second time.8. The wounded is being looked after in the hospital. 9. Thanks to his help. Ive worked out of the problem. 10.He often goes to the city which she lives. 十一1. There are many students play football on the playground. 2. Jack, for whose life had once been very hard, has started a company recently.3. We try to do all what we can to help her. 4. I wont forget the days when we spent on the farm. 5. You are the only one of the boys who sing well. 6. Is this school which you visited last week.? 7. Mary was late again, that made her teacher very angry. 8. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. 9. They are talking of things and persons whom they saw in the work. 10.I dont know the reason which he came late. 十二1. This is the person for whom you are looking. 2. The first lesson which I learned will never be forgotten. 3. Who is the buy who is singing a song over there? 4. Those that were not fit for their office couldnt finish their work on time. 5. Have you discovered your lost pen? 6. The book is very useful to making sentences. 7. There is only standing rooms in the. bus. 8. He worked very hard and could pass the exam. 9. Id like to drink a bowl of soup. 10.Youd better try doing it with another way.十三1. When did you reach there yesterday? 2. He lives in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 3. They picked up some nuts(坚果)that was under a tree. 4. Clinton is considering to pay an official visit to China this June. 5. Our national defence needs/requires to strengthen. 6. Having not reached any agreement, Annan decided to hold another talk with Iraq. 7. Once seeing, it can never be forgotten. 8. How frightened it was to see the film “the Massacre of Nanjing People.” 9. The sports persons are looking forward to take part in the 2008 Olym-pic Games.10.He advised me taking up a second foreign language while I was still young. 十四1. Many people like swimming, but few like swimming in winter. 2. Before going abroad he devoted all he could to improve his oral English. 3. The fire destroyed the woods which was belonged to the villagers. 4. I was preparing dinner while you called me. 5. He was used to be as strong as a horse when he was in the countryside. 6. Its harder for women to get to the top of a company. 7. You did very carelessly that you couldnt pass the test. 8. Marys back was bad hurt,so she has to stay in bed.9. Mr Brown waved to his friends with smile. 10.John and Bob lived in a same room on the second floor. 十五1 .What a fun it is to go swimming in a river in summer!2. English lessons on TV with explanations in Chinese are easily to follow. 3. I dont want to be friends with him unless he will stop telling lies.4. This is the new biology lab where we visited last year. 5. The woman was poor and had only a small cold room to live. 6. A new dress spends over four hundred francs. 7. I cant be the only woman who isnt having on jewellery. 8. Mathilde returned the necklace back to Jeanne the next afternoon. 9. The diamond necklace worth S200 at most. 10.Do you think women are better for operating computers? 十六1. One day Mr King happened a terrible accident. 2. The man, his legs were hurt badly, was taken to hospital. 3. As a student, you mustnt say a lie to others. 4. By the first century the making of paper in China became common. 5. The problem for writing and drawing on silk was that silk was much too expensive to use. 6. Books on printing didnt include in the list of the new books. 7. Its pretty cold this morning. Youd better to put on your coat. 8. Do you feel like to go for a walk with me? 9. The project, that lasted four years, cost S I billion 10. As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake raised by 65 meters.十六1. One day Mr King happened a terrible accident. 2. The man, his legs were hurt badly, was taken to hospital. 3. As a student, you mustnt say a lie to others. 4. By the first century the making of paper in China became common. 5. The problem for writing and drawing on silk was that silk was much too expensive to use. 6. Books on printing didnt include in the list of the new books. 7. Its pretty cold this morning. Youd better to put on your coat. 8. Do you feel like to go for a walk with me? 9. The project, that lasted four years, coat S I billion. 10.As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake raised by 65 meters. 十七1. She is a fast reader. She can complete a novel in two hours time. 2. The old temple, which dates back about I, 250 BC, will be moved to a new place. 3. There were twenty after all in the party. 4. I will be back very fast. 5. He spent every minute he could practice spoken English. 6. He gave them such little time that it was impossible for them to finish the work on time. 7. The building will be completed long before. 8. In the 1960 people lived a poor life in China. 9. The man died of a car accident. 10.Our class