八年级英语基础知识讲解

Unit 4 基础知识讲解及练习 语法：直接引语变间接引语一.意义：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。如：I said,“ My name is Mary.”间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的。间接引语在多数情况下构成 宾语从句，句子中无引号。如：I said my name was Mary.二：举例：直接引语的例子：Lana said，“ Im mad at Marcia.”Marcia said,“ Im having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”3. Lana said, “ Im not going to her house on Friday night.”4 .Ben said,“ I go to the beach every Saturday.”5. Ben said,“ I will call you tomorrow.”6. Ben said,“ I can speak three languages.”,间接引语的例子： 1 . Lana said( that) she was mad at Marcia.2. Marcia said (that ) she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.3 .Lana said( that ) she was not going to her house on Friday night.4. Ben said (that ) he went to the beach every day.5 .Ben said( that ) he would call me tomorrow.6 .Ben said he could speak three languages.总结：直接引语在变为间接引语时，有以下的变化：1 . 人称的变化。2 。时态的变化：一般现在时-一般过去时 现在进行时- 过去进行时 一般将来时- 过去将来时指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化（见课本p.100)三。特别注意以下几点：直接引语在变成间接引语时，如果转述的是客观真理或事实，则 用一般现在时。,e.g. He said ,“ Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound.His mother said to me,“ He is a good boy.”His mother told me he is a good boy.3 。（1）若直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时要用if或 whether 引导。He said ,“ Are you interested in English?”He asked (me) if I was interested in English.（2）若直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用陈述语序。“ Whats your mother?” he asked me.He asked me what your mother is.4 .若直接引语是祈使句，要变成tell / ask sb. (not) to do sh. “Dont smoke in the room,” he said to me. He told me not to smoke in the room.,1.Ben （tell) Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party for her. 2. Lana said she (will) go to Marcias house. 3. Lana said she (isnt l) mad at Marcia any more. 4.She said she (can) speak English.,told,would,wasnt,could,直接引语转为间接引语时要有时态的变化。,“I am having a surprise party for Lana Friday night.” She said she was having a surprise party for Lana Friday night.“I am mad at Marcia.” She said she was mad at Marcia.“Im not going to her house on Friday night.” She said she was not going to her house on Friday night.I can speak three languages. She said she could speak three languages. I will call you tomorrow. He told me he would call me tomorrow / the next day. I go to the beach every Saturday. He said he went to the beach every Saturday.,Work in Pairs,What did he/she said?,语法训练 一。把句子变为间接引语：1 。She said,“ I am doing homework.” She said _ _doing homework.2 .Jim said to me ,“ I will visit the Summer Palace next week.”Jim_ me that _ _ visit the Summer Palace next week.3 .Our teacher told us,“ The sun is bigger than the moon.”Our teacher told us that the sun_ _ than the moon.4 .She said,“ Are you good at playing soccer?”She _ me _ _ _good at playing soccer.5 .She said,“ I can do a good job as a volunteer.”She said _ _do a good job as a volunteer.6. He said, “ I live in Beijing.”7. She said,“ I am interested in physics.”8.He said to me,“ I am going to have a party for my mother.”,she was,told he would,is bigger,asked if I was,she could,He said that he lived in Beijing.,She said she was interested in physics.,He told me he was going to have a party for his mother.,1.(Mary) I will go to Toms house on Sunday. Mary said- 2.(Mike)I go shopping every weekend. Mike said- 3.They can speak English . They said- 4.(Li Lei) I am learning to speak English. Li Lei said-,she would go to Toms house on Sunday.,he went shopping every weekend.,they could speak English .,he was learning to speak English.,试一试我能行,1.“I am good at English ,” Lucy said.2.“Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy,Lucy said she was good at English.,Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.,3.“ I can ride a bike to school ,”Lana said.,Lana said she could ride a bike to school.,4.“We will have a football match ,”he told his mother.5.“They go to school everyday except Saturday and Sunday ,”the boy said.,The boy said they went to school everyday except Saturday and Sunday.,He told his mother they would have a football match tomorrow.,9.He said to his mother, “ I will fly to New York tomorrow.” 10. Miss Gao said, “ I find English interesting.” 11.The girl said, “ I am from Canada.”The girl said _ _ from Canada.12 .We are leaving for Shanghai . He said.（ 合为一句）He said _ _leaving for Shanghai.13.Tom said to me,“ Did you go to the movie last night?”Tom asked me _ _ _to the movie last night.14 .Lana said to us,“ Dont cross the road.”Lana told us_ _ cross the road.15 .Mary said to Ann,“ Why do you want to do this?”Mary _ Ann_ _ _to do _.16 .“ Can I copy your homework?” he asked me.He asked me _ _ _ copy my homework.,He told his mother that he would fly to New York tomorrow.,Miss Gao said she found English interesting.,she was,they were,if I went,not to,asked why she wanted that,if he could,1. “We are having lunch at home ”,Mr Black said _ _ having lunch at home.,2 “ Im going to help you.”,She told me _ _ _ _ help me.,3. “ I go camping every day.”,Jim said _ _ camping every day.,4. “Is this your book?”,She asked me_ that _ _ book.,5. “ I can speak 3 languages”,Tom said _ _ speak 3 languages.,Exercises,they were,she was going_ to,he went,if was my,he could,词组互译,1. surprise party _ 2. first of all _ 3. be supposed to do sth. _ 4. in good health _ 5. get over _6. 对非常愤怒, 恼火 _7. 把传给另一个, 转移 _8. 在某方面做得好, 擅长 _9. 年终考试 _10. 成绩报告单 _,Section A 基础知识 soap opera: 肥皂剧 in a soap opera: 在一个肥皂剧中have a surprise party: 举行一个令人吃惊的晚会on Friday night: 在星期五晚上bring sth. to +地点： 戴某物去哪里be mad at sb. = be angry with sb. :生某人的气first of all: 首先not-anymore: 不再 pass on : 传递 be supposed to do = should : 应该做某事 at the bus stop: 在汽车站,Section A 部分的练习题 一。单项选择题：1 。-What did your P.E. teacher say about high jump at the sports meeting ?-He said that I _ better. A. can do B. am C. will do D.could do2 .She said that she _ to music. A.is listening B.was listening C. listens D. listen3 .Kate said she _ to Chongqing the next week. A. clean up B. go C.would go D goes4. They would have a surprise party _ Lana _ Friday night. A. for, on B. to, in C. to, at D. for, in5. The geography teacher told us the earth _ round the sun. A. went B. go C. would go D. goes6. Could you tell me _? A . where does Tony workB. where did Tony work C. where Tony works D. where Tony worked,D,B,C,A,D,C,7. The teacher asked him _. A. how he comes to school B. how does he come to school C. how did he come to school D. how he came to school8.We are supposed _ there before seven. So we must hurry up. A. get B. to get .C. getting D. to got9. Dont stop, _ please. A. pass on B. pass it on C. passing it on D.passing on it10. -Im sorry, Mr. Brown. I_ my homework at home.-Thats OK. But dont forget _it to school tomorrow. A. forgot, to bring B. left, to take C. forget, to take D. left, to bring11 .The policeman asked the child _ so that he could take him home. A. where did he live B. where he livedC. how he lived D. where he lives12 .Dont argue with her, or she will be mad _ you. A. to B. at C. for D. at 13 .Bill is working _ the physics problem. A. out B. over C. on D. at,D,B,B,B,B,D,C,14. Think it over and then _ an answer _me. A . give , at B. make, to C. give, to D .make ,for15. Lily said she _ mad at Lucy _. A. not, anymoreB. isnt , anymore C . wasnt, anymore D. was, anymore二. 用所给词的适当形式填空：You are _(suppose) to meet at the bus stop.He told me he _(will) call me the next day.My friend will come to my house _ (study).She said she _(can) dance and sing well.This is a _(surprise) story, and I am _ at it.They waited and waited for something _(excite) to happen.Wendys math teacher said that she _(be) a good student.三。句型转换：1 .My mother is angry with me.(同义句）My mother _ _ _ me.2. Jim said to me, “ I will visit the Summer Palace next week.”(间接）Jim _ me that _ _ visit the Summer Palace next week.,C,C,supposed,would,to study,could,surprising surprised,exciting,was,is mad at,told he would,3 . Our teacher told us,” The sun is bigger than the moon.” (间接）Our teacher told us that the sun_ _ than the moon.4 .Tom said goodbye to his parents and left for Beijing. (一般问句）_ Tom _ goodbye to his parents and leave for Beijing?5. The girl said,” I am from Canada.” (间接）The girl said _ _ from Canada.6 . We are leaving for Shanghai . He said.(和为一句）He said _ _ leaving for Shanghai.7. She said she was mad at Marcia. _ _ she _?8. Tom said to me, “ Did you go to the movie last night ?”(间接）Tom asked me _ _ _ to the movie last night.四。 汉英翻译：You have many things to do._(首先）， I think you should do the most important thing.2 .Can you _ (传递）a glass of water to me ?3 .Lana said she _(生气） Marcia.4. I will meet my uncle _(在汽车站）。,is bigger,Did say,she was,we were,What did say,if I went,First of all,pass on,was mad at,at the bus stop,Section B 基础知识 be good at = do well in : 在某方面做的好in math: 在数学方面Hows it going? 进展如何？hope to do / hope that 从句： 这是hope 的用法have a cold : 得感冒 last week: 上一周in good health: 身体健康end-of-year exams: 期末考试get my report card: 得到我的成绩单get nervous: 变得紧张 in the mail: 在邮箱里,本部分的知识训练 一。单项选择题：1.Im _ at tennis, but Joy even does _ in it than me. A. good, well B. good, better C. well, well D .well, better2 . I found _ to make everyone pleased with me. A.that difficult B. it difficult C. that be difficult D. it be difficult3. - Didnt Bob get ready for his English speech?-No, he didnt. During his speech he was very _. A. excited B. worried C. nervous D. confident4 . Susan is always the best in different exams in our classbecause she is a _girl. A. helpful B. polite C. proud D . Hard-working5 .-Could you tell me _ last night?-Er ,I was watching Euro 2004 at home.what you were doing B. what were you doingC .what you are doing D. what are you doing,A,B,C,D,A,6. -What did he say? -He asked me_. what is the young mans telephone number what the young mans telephone number is what the young mans telephone number what the young mans telephone number was7. The teacher asked the students _. A. if were they interested in Englishweather they were interested in English whether they were interested in English whether were they interested in English or not8 . Mike wants to know if there _ a talk tomorrow. If there _ one , he will take part in it.will be, will be B. is, is C.will be, is D. is, will be二： 用所给词的适当形式填空：1 .Dad got _(real) angry with me when he saw my report card.2. Of all the compositions, this is the _(bad) one.3 .He told me another _(disappoint) news.4 .She is _(good) than your mother is ill.,D,C,C,really,worst,disappointing,5 .Im sorry _(hear) that your mother is ill. 6. She is good at _(play) computer games.7 .She is _(good) than Li Ping at swimming. 8 .You can listen more to improve your _(listen).9 . Yesterday, I _ (finish) the hard work. I can have a rest now.10._(luck), he passed the math exam this time .11 .The children felt _(luck) because they had a volunteer teacher.12. He told us that there _(be) a wonderful party tomorrow afternoon.13. She said it was much _(good) if she did the work herself.14 . She said she _(forget) to do her homework.三： 句型转换：She wanted me to help her move the table just now._ _ she want you _ _ just now?2. He said to me, “ I will be a volunteer next year.” (间接引语）He _ me that _ _ be a volunteer the next year.,to hear,playing,better,listening,finished,luckily,lucky,would be,better,What did to do,told he would,3 . “ Do you live in the country ?” He asked the man.(间接引语） He asked the man _ _ _ the country.4. The dancer said she would visit England next month. _ _ the dancer_ ?5. Tom is good at reading. Im better at reading(合为一句）Im_ _ reading _ Tom.6. “ Do you watch TV every night ?” he asked Lucy.(间接引语）He asked Lucy _ _ _ _ every night.四：汉英翻译：听说他历史考试不及格，我很吃惊。I was _ _ learn that he failed the history exam.2. 请代我向你父母问好。Please _ _ _ _ your parents.3 .我们在英语上经历了一段艰难的时间。We _ _ _ _ _ English.4. 我不擅长西班牙语。 I _ _ _ _ Spanish.,if he lived in,What did say,better at than,if she watched TV,surprised to,sent my love to,had a hard time with,am not good at,5. 他认为你不该在教室里吸烟。 He doesnt think you _ _ _ smoke in the classroom.6 .Tom 刚才把书还给我。Tom _ the book _ _ just now.7.去年夏天他们在青岛玩的很愉快。They _ _ _ _ in Qingdao last summer.8. 当我看到来自学校的信封时，我总是感到紧张。I always_ _ when I see the _ from school.9. 上学期我物理和数学学的都很吃力。I had a really _ _ _ my physics and math this term.10. 我相信他会克服它的。 I believe he can _ _ it.,are supposed to,returned to me,had a great time,get nervous envelopes,hard time with,get over,Self-check 和Reading 的基础知识 bring sth. to +地点： 把某物带去某地have a (big) fight with sb. : 和某人打一架forget -forgot: forget to do sth. : 忘记去做某事start a bad habit: 开始一个坏习惯do her own work: 做她自己的工作get over：克服（以下为reading 部分）1 。help 的用法： help sb. (to) sth. / help sb. with sth.2 .in a poor village: 在一个贫穷的村子3. sound like :听起来像e.g. It sounds like a good idea.4 . the Peking University graduate: 北京大学毕业生5 .as a volunteer : 作为一名志愿者 on a one-year program: 在为期一年的项目中6 .in Chinas rural areas: 在中国的乡村地区7. above sea level: 超出海平面8. At first the thin air made her feel sick: 记住此句,9. three times a day: 一天三次 10. Her mother agreed with her daughters dicision. agree with sb. / sbs decision: 同意某人的决定11 .in school dormitories: 在宿舍里12. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life. She likes being a good influence in the childrens lives.(学生记住以上的重点句）,本部分的练习题 一： 单项选择题：1 . It _ like a good idea. A. sound B. sounds C. looks D. look2 .Bill said they would have a _ holiday.two-month B. two-months C.two month D. two months3. The students makes his students_ lots of homework . A. to do B. do C. doing D.to be done4 .This mountain is about 1000 feet _ the sea level. A. above B. over C. on D. makes 5. _ high school students in a poor mountain village isnt an easy job. A .Teaching B. Teach C. Teaches D. Teachers6. He worked there _ an assistant tutor at the beginning, and later a lecturer. A. as B. like C. doing D. be7. She will _ the rural area after finishing her study. A . return B. return to C. go back D. get back,B,A,B,A,A,A,B,7. You dont need _ for yourself, as we have a nice cook here. A. cook B. cooking C. any cook D. to cook8. look! Tom _ the book _ Marcia. A. passes on, toB. is passing on, with C. is passing on , to D.passes on, with9 .We are supposed_ there on time. A. to get B. shall go C. to getting D. would go 10. Please _ away the coffee and _ me a glass of orange juice. A .bring , bring .B take, take .C take, bring D. bring, take11. I found _ not easy to get to sleep last night. A. this .B that C. it D. her12. The teacher told us the moon _ around the earth. A. went B. goes C. going D. move13 . I said it would _ a bad habit, and she should do _ work. A. get, own her B. start, her own C. become , own her14 . Mary _ my umbrella but she didnt _. A. borrow ,return itB. borrowed, return it C. borrow, give it back,D,C,A,C,C,B,B,B,15. I didnt know if she _ the next week. A . comes B. came C. will come D. would come16. Dont argue with her, or she will be mad _ you. A. to B. at C. for D. In17. I finished my _ exam last week. A. end of the yearB. end of years C. end-of years D. end-of year18. Jack wants to pass this message _ Tim.A . on B. to C. at D. in19 .He likes the soap opera very much._, he has no time . A. But B. However C. And D. Though20.Of all the subjects, the _ result is _ history. A.