国际关系专业外交政策术语.doc

Glossary1. foreign policy -the strategies governments use to guide their actions in the international arena. 对外政策，外交政策2. conscious 有意识的,有知觉的 be conscious of ones shortcomings意识到自已的缺点cost conscious成本意识， 对成本高低的注意red conscious对红色敏感的He was conscious that he must do all this.3. composite n.合成物 adj.并合的， 复合的， 合成的， 集成的English is a composite of many languages.英语是多种语言混合而成的。4. citizenry - Citizens considered as a group.平民界：被考虑为一个群体的平民5. bureaucrat 官僚主义者; 官僚派头的人;官僚, 官吏. the bureaucrats官僚6. aggregate v.聚集, 集合, 合计7. internal 内部的 external 外部的8. arena n.竞技场, 舞台 -A place or scene where forces contend or events unfold:竞争场所，活动场所：力量抗争或事件表露的场所或场景：withdrew from the political arena; the world as an arena of moral conflict.从政治舞台上退出；世界象一个道义冲突的竞争场所9. spell out 表达出10. objective n.目标;目的; adj.客观的11. appoint 任命12. substantive 独立存在的, 真实的, 有实质的, 大量的, 巨额的13. arrive at - arrive at /reach/come to- an agreement 达成协议14. implement 实施，执行15. have influence on 对有影响16. establish 建立17. memoranda/memorandum 备忘录18. outline n. 轮廓 v. To give the main features or various aspects of; summarize:概述：给出的主要特征或的各个方面；概括：outlined the major provisions of the tax bill.概述税法的主要条款19. steer To maneuver (a person) into a place or course of action.See Synonyms at guide 操纵，控制：使（某人）进入一地区或行动路线参见 guide 驾驶20. explore v. 探险, 探测, 探究21. analysis analyze 分析22. consistently adj.一贯的， 始终如一的; 和.一致的（with） 坚实的， 浓厚的; 有节操的; 相容的， 相符合的be a consistent friend to sb. 是某人的忠实朋友He is not consistent in his action. 他的行动前后不一致。What you say is not consistent with what you do.你言行不一。23. categorize - To put into a category or categories; classify. 归类：分门别类；归类24. predispose 预先安排或处理,使倾向于25. attribute n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于 v. 归结於26. naked aggression 27. reach limits 达到极限28. devastate vt.使荒芜; 毁灭, 蹂躏; 破坏; 压倒, 征服, 击败A long war devastated Europe.长期的战争破坏了欧洲。29. invade/invasion30. culminate 达到顶点 culminate in .以.而终结, 以.而达到顶峰, (结果)竟成31. might 力量 military might32. buffer states 缓冲国33. probe - An exploratory action, expedition, or device, especially one designed to investigate and obtain information on a remote or unknown region:探索，探测装置：探索性的行动、探险或装置，尤指用于在偏远的或不为人知的地区进行调查并获取信息：electronic probes into the crust of the earth. 勘察地壳的电子装置An investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities; a penetrating inquiry:调查，查究：对陌生的事物或可疑的活动进行的调查：a congressional probe into price fixing. See Synonyms at inquiry 议会对价格稳定的调查 参见 inquiry34. make adjustments 做出调整35. feedback 反馈36. monitor 监测;监控37. evaluate 评价;评估 同义词: assess38. discrete 不连续的,离散的39. spectrum 1. A range of values of a quantity or set of related quantities.范围：一数量或一组相关的数量的数值范围2. A broad sequence or range of related qualities, ideas, or activities:系列，范围，幅度：相关质量、概念或活动的广大范围：3. 光谱 40. core 中心;核心41. go through 经历42. clarify 1. To make clear or easier to understand; elucidate:使清晰或易懂；详细阐明：clarified her intentions. 详细说明她的意图 2. To clear of confusion or uncertainty:澄清混乱或疑惑：clarify the mind. 理清想法43. uncertainty 不确定性44. attach possibilities to 考虑-可能性45. averse - Having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined:反对的：带有一种反感、不喜欢或不欣赏的感觉的；强烈地避开的：was averse to sharing a table with them;反对与他们共用一桌；investors who are averse to risk-taking.反对冒险的投资者be averse to厌恶, 不喜欢, 反对be averse from厌恶, 不喜欢, 反对46. imply- To express or indicate indirectly:暗示：间接地表达或表示：His tone implied disapproval. See Synonyms at suggest47. simultaneously 同时的48. diverge 1. To go or extend in different directions from a common point; branch out.分开，叉开：在同一点向不同方向延伸分叉；长出枝条2.To differ, as in opinion or manner.分歧，相异，如在观点或行为上49. skip 跳过；挑读50. labor-intensive 劳动密集的51. embassy 大使馆52. vast 巨大的, 辽阔的, 大量的, 巨额的53. handle 处理54. controversial - Of, producing, or marked by controversy:有争议的：争论的、引起争论的或有争议的：a controversial movie; a controversial stand on human rights.一场有争议的电影；引起争议的人权立场55. muddle through 对付过去,应付过去,混过去56. divergent 分歧的; 不同的57. staple 主要产品;主要成分58. oppose 反对59. import 进口 export 出口60. sushi (日) 寿司61. inertia 惯性62. withdraw 撤退63. incremental 增加的64. alter 改变 altar 祭坛65. psychology 心理学66. The buck stops here. 责任止于此. The ultimate responsibility rests here.67. revolve around 围绕68. conform to 符合;遵照69. substitute for 代替70. at best 最多71. content 内容72. routine 常规; 日常事务73. idiosyncrasy 特质74. misperception 错误知觉75. fluent 流利的76. pending 悬而未决的77. formulation 用公式表示, 明确地表达, 作简洁陈述78. undermine 破坏79. affective 情感的80. positive 肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的negative否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的 vt 否定;拒绝81. dissonance 不一致，不和谐，冲突82cognitive dissonance 认知冲突 cognitive balance 认知协调；认知平衡83wishful thinking 如意算盘84latch 门闩； latch on to 或latch onto - To get hold of; obtain:取得；得到：latched on to a fortune in the fur trade.在皮毛生意中赚了一大笔钱85 retrospect 回顾 in retrospectLooking backward or reviewing the past.回顾或反思（过去）86potent 有力的； 有效的87hypothetical 假设；假定88Vietnam syndrome 越南综合症89interfere - To come between so as to be a hindrance or an obstacle:妨碍：插入以阻碍或妨碍：loud talking that interfered with the other patrons conversations; assistance that only interfered.影响其他主顾交谈的大声谈话；越帮越忙 90modification 更改, 修改, 修正 a small adjustment 91optimize - 1. To make as perfect or effective as possible.使最优化：使尽可能地完善或有效-2. To make the most of.充分利用n. optimization adj. optimal , suboptimal 92. minimal- Smallest in amount or degree.最小的：在程度和数量上最小的93. criteria 标准94. constraint 强迫;约束， 压抑， 拘束; 强制力； 抑限制紧张感， 局促不安; 制约， 固定by constraint勉强； 强迫feel constraint觉得局促不安subject to the constraints受下列条件限制under in constraint被迫， 不得不； 被束缚着95. besiege - To surround with hostile forces.为敌对势力包围 -To crowd around; hem in.拥挤在周围；包围住96. preclude 1.排消除, 预防; 2. 阻止, 妨阻碍preclude misunderstanding避免误解The flood precluded him from coming.他因洪水不能来了。97. unrelenting 不宽恕的, 严峻的; 无情的; 坚定的; 毫不松懈的98. digest n.分类, 摘要vi.消化vt.消化, 融会贯通99. contemplation 注视, 沉思, 预期, 企图, 打算-Thoughtful observation or study. 研究：留意的观察或研究100. phase 阶段101. reference point 参照点102. relish 喜欢103. setback 挫折；退步；倒退104. legislature 立法机构105. dynamics 社会力量; 用作单力学; 动力学106. rash 轻率的, 鲁莽的; 不留心的; 性急的; 过早的, 未成熟的be rash enough胆敢 rash advance冒进107. bias n. 偏见 vt 使存偏见108. overly 过度地；极度地109. optimistic 乐观的110. dubious 可疑的, 不确定的111. suppress 镇压, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住112. diffuse 散播, 传播, 漫射, 扩散, (使)慢慢混合 113. accountable 应负责的, 有责任的, 可解释的114. spectacular 引人注目的; 壮观的; 场面富丽的, 蔚为奇观的; 观赏品的, 展览物的；引人入胜的, 轰动一时的, 惊人的; 激动人心的115. bypass vt 设旁路, 迂回； 绕过116. covert adj.暗地的，掩蔽的，半掩的，隐密的；【律】有丈夫（保护）的a covert threat暗中的威胁in covert conversation在暗中谈论117. span n.跨度, 跨距, 范围v.横越118. hostage 人质119. fund n.资金, 基金v.支助, 投资120. illegally 非法地121. obscure adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的vt.使暗, 使不明显122. aide 助手123. skeptical 怀疑的124. fiasco 惨败125. testify 证实；作证126. elusive adj.难懂的, 难捉摸的, 易忘的127. exaggerate 夸张128. moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和129. faction n.派别, 小集团, 派系斗争, 小派系, 内讧130. plurality n.复数, 较大数, 多数, 兼职131. literally adv.照字面意义, 逐字地132. dedicate 献(身), 致力, 题献 (一部著作给某人)133. time frames 时间范围134. villa 别墅135. appeal vt.指控, 控诉; 为.提出上诉appeal a case为某案提出上诉 诉诸, 求助(于)(to) n. 魅力, 吸引力, 感染力136. swing - Determining an outcome; decisive:决定后果的；决定性的：the swing vote.决定性投票137. neutral 中立的, 中立国的, 中性的, 无确定性质的, (颜色等)不确定的138. proximity - The state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next; closeness:接近，邻近：临近或相临的状态、性质、感觉或事实；接近：139. owe loyalty to 效忠于140. cumbersome - 1.Difficult to handle because of weight or bulk. 难处理的：因沉重或体积大而难处理的参见 heavy2. Troublesome or onerous.棘手的，麻烦的141. brief vt.1.节略, 作.的摘要2. 英向(律师)陈述诉讼事实摘要; 聘请(律师)3. 向.下达简令; 对.作指示brief the whole story into a few sentences把整个故事节略成几个句子The commander briefed his men.指挥官向他的士兵作简短指示。142. commerce 商业143. discard vt.丢弃, 抛弃144. frame 构成, 设计, 制定, 使适合145. overlook - 1.To fail to notice or consider; miss.漏看：没有注意或考虑到；遗漏2.To ignore deliberately or indulgently; disregard.忽略：有意或故意地忽略；忽视3.To look over; examine.忽视；不理：有意地或放纵地忽略；忽视146. reroute 按新路线发送, 改道发送, 改线, 绕行147.overestimate underestimate 高估；低估148. hostility - The state of being hostile; antagonism or enmity敌意, 恶意, 不友善, 敌对, 对抗, 反对149. adversary - An opponent; an enemy. See Synonyms at opponent 对手；敌人参见 opponent150. toll 代价； 费151. hallucination 幻觉, 幻想152. consulate - The residence or official premises of a consul.领事馆：领事（或执政官）的住所或办公场所The office, term of office, or jurisdiction of a consul.领事任期：领事（或执政官）的职位、任期或权限153. coordinate n.同等者, 同等物, 坐标(用复数)adj.同等的, 并列的 vt.调整, 整理154. patronage 保护, 赞助, 光顾155. outlast vt.比.长久, 比.活得长156. orient 定位；使适应；确定方向157. at large 1. 详尽的；2. 普遍的；3. 逍遥法外的158. ad hoc 特别； 专门； 即席，即兴； 特定的159. attorney 律师； Attorney General 英检察总长; 美司法部长160. interagency 机构部门之间的161. have a big stake in 起作用162. aggregate 集中；总计163. subsidize 资助, 津贴164. stage 上演；筹备； 举行165. veteran 老兵；退伍军人166. resort 常去之地, 胜地 a summer resort 167. illicit - Not sanctioned by custom or law; unlawful.非法的，不正当的：不为惯例或法律所允许的；不法的168. liaison 联络169. cogent 强有力的, 使人信服的, 使人首肯的, 恰到好处的 Cogent argument 有说服力的论据170. clout 影响； 权力； 敲打；击打171. ethnic group 族群172. harness v.束缚；n 马具173. logistics 后勤174. unwarranted adj.无根据的, 未获保证的, 无保证的, 未获承认的 Having no justification; groundless:无理的：未被证明是正当的；没有根据的：unwarranted interference. See Synonyms at baseless 毫无理由的干涉参见 baseless175. muster 集合；召集176. corporation 企业； 社团177. procurement 获得；(政府的)收买; 采购, 物资技术供应; 供货合同, 调拨, 调配；斡旋, 促成178. bribe n.贿赂vt.贿赂, 向.行贿 bribery179. parcel out 分配； 分给180. submarine 潜艇181. heartrending 令人心碎的182. faction 小集团, 宗派, 党派；派性, 倾轧, 摩擦, 不和Faction almost broke up the club.内部纠纷几乎使俱乐部解体。183. squeak squeak by/through 勉强通过184. polling 投票选举，投票表决185. latitude / altitude / attitude / attribute 纬度/海拔高度/态度/品质特质;归结于186. infer 推断187. embed 根植188. referendum 公民投票, (外交使节)请示书 189. dwarf 侏儒；v. 使相形见绌190. rebuff 回绝191. on the line 危险 （同意的短语有）：at risk at stake in peril in danger192. prosecute vt.实行, 从事, 告发, 起诉vi.告发, 起诉, 作检察官193. constellation 组合；一系列； 荟萃； 194. authoritarian 威权政府195. empirical 经验的196. coincidence 巧合； 一致， 符合； 相等，197. apathy 冷漠198. bode v.预示199. hold up 坚持；保持； 支持200. conceivable adj.可以想到的， 可能的by every conceivable means千方百计， 用一切手段It is hardly conceivable that.简直难以想象.201. prone to 倾向于202. theme 题目；主题203. at the waters edge 政治止于水边 204. stand up to 面对205. purse strings 钱袋口上的绳子, 金钱 Financial support or resources, or control over them:钱财：金钱支持或来源或金钱控制：the politicians who control federal purse strings; tightened the corporate purse strings.控制联邦资金支入的政客；节省公司的钱财206. entail207. notify （notification）208. dynamic 209. executive210. conduit 211clout 影响，敲打212. turf - The range of the authority or influence of a person, group, or thing; a bailiwick:活动范围，势力范围：某人，某一集团或某物的权威或影响力所及的范围；范围：“a bureaucracy like any other, chiefly concerned with turf, promotions, the budget, and protecting the retirement system”(Harpers)“一个和其他人一样的官僚，只关心势力大小、升迁、预算及保护退休制度”(哈珀)-A geographical area; a territory.地区，地域：地理上的区域；地区-The area claimed by a gang, as of youths, as its personal territory. 地盘：帮会，如青年帮会声称为自己所有的地区213. accommodate -To do a favor or service for; oblige.See Synonyms at oblige 帮助，予人方便：帮助或提供服务；施惠于参见 oblige -To provide for; supply with.提供；供应 -To hold comfortably without crowding.See Synonyms at contain 容纳，提供空间：宽绰而不拥挤参见 contain -To make suitable; adapt.See Synonyms at adapt 使适应；使符合参见 adapt -To allow for; consider:允许；考虑：an economic proposal that accommodates the special needs and interests of the elderly.一项考虑老年人特殊要求和利益的经济提案 -To settle; reconcile.解决；和解r.（不及物动词）-Physiology To become adjusted, as the eye to focusing on objects at a distance. 【生理学】 适应，调节：使调整，如眼睛盯住远处的物体 给方便, 帮助,使适应,供给.住宿, 照应, 招待,容纳, 调停, 调解 accommodate a friend帮助朋友 accommodate (sb.)for the night留(某人)住一夜 The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances. 眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。 The guests are well accommodated.待客周到。214. latches onto vi.获得, 缠住; 占有,理解, 倾听(on to) He latched on to 10, 000 shares.他获得一万股股票。 She latched on to your notion.她理解你的意见。 I latched on to their conversation.我倾听他们的谈话。215. backfire 事与愿违216. apply to （apply for，application）217. sophisticated 218, latitude 纬度, 范围altitude地球表面上的高度; 海拔高度 absolute altitude绝对高度attitude 态度, 看法 What is your attitude towards this question?你对这个问题的态度如何?strike an attitude摆出一种姿态; 作出舞台上的身段; 装模作样take an attitude of采取.态度assume an attitude of采取.态度take up an attitude摆出某种姿势;采取某种态度219, elusive -Tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or memory:逃避的：不易被抓获、觉察、理解或记忆的：“an invisible cabal of conspirators, each more elusive than the archterrorist.“一个看不见的小阴谋集团，每一个都比恐怖主义集团本身 更难于被发现” 220, heartrending 令人心碎的, 伤心的, 悲惨的221, rebuff -A blunt or abrupt repulse or refusal, as to an offer.断然拒绝：对某个要求严峻或断然的反应或拒绝-A check or an abrupt setback to progress or action.挫败：对某个进程或行动的制止或断然撤回v.tr.（及物动词）re.buffed,re.buff.ing,re.buffs -To reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub. See Synonyms at refuse 回绝：断然地拒绝.常常有蔑视的；冷落 参见 refuse-To repel or drive back.阻止，抵制222, attentive public 关注民众；关切的民众；热心的公众;223, mandate (书面)命令, 训令, 要求, (前国际联盟的)委任托管权224, parcel out 分给, 分配225, NASA =National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空与航天管理局美226, prosecute -To seek to obtain or enforce by legal action.依法进行：通过法律行为寻求或加强 -To pursue (an undertaking, for example) until completion; follow to the very end.彻底地进行：致力于（比如一项事业）直到完成；追随直到最后 The U.S. Congress voted to give president Bush full authority to prosecute a war in Afghanistan.美国国会投票表决赋予布什总统全权在阿富汗开战。-To initiate civil or criminal court action against.对提起公诉：对提起民法或刑法诉讼行为227, executive 执行者; 行政长官; 美最高行政官(指州长或总统)228, compose -To make up the constituent parts of; constitute or form:由各部分组成；构成或形成：an exhibit composed of French paintings; the many ethnic groups that compose our nation. 一次法国绘画展；构成我们国家的多种民族 be composed of由.组成Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢与氧化合而成的