专八语言学选择题及答案

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _.A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule SNP VP, the arrow can be read as _.A. is equal toB. consists of C. hasD. generates5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers.A. entails B. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemes D. utterances 8. In a speech community people have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? _.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning 10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword 答案： 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeares play “Romeo and Juliet” A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of language C.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula SNP VP.()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _.()A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+title9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _.()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_.()A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5.Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike.A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics 7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing 8._ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language 9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ .A. Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrusB. Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortexC. Brocas area, Wernickes area and neuronsD. Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10.According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are _.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Brocas aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it?”is _.()A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.()A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult 答案 1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers: 1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called _.A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrary Key: B2 The _ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affective B. associative C. stylistic D. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in gangling is removed to get a verb gangle, we call this way of creating words _.A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymyKey: B5 _ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. Degradation B. Specialization C. Elevation D. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called _.A. idiolect B. regional dialect C. temporal dialect D. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as _.A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stressKey: A8 _ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of sound B. Loss of soundC. Metathesis D. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the _ family.A. Indo-European B. Sino-Tibetan C. Hamito-Semitic D. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morpheme B. phoneme C. grapheme D. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_.A. hyponyms B. compoundsC. blends D. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _.A. concord B. governmentC. recursiveness D. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _.A. blending B. clippingC. acronymy D. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of linguistic potential and actual linguistic behavior is proposed by _.A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _ meaning.A. denotative B. connotativeC. collective D. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as _.A. tenor of discourse B. mode of discourseC. field of discourse D. idiolectKey: A17. According to words structures, Turkish is a typical _ language.A. isolating B. fusionalC. analytic D. agglutinativeKey: D18. _ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairs B. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialects D. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between dead and alive is labeled as _.A. gradability B. complementarityC. hyponymy D. homonymyKey: B20. The words encore and au pair are loanwords from _.A. French B. GermanC. Italian D. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by_.a. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language a. native English words B. borrowed words C. echoic words D. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone s a. voiceless B. oral C. alveolar D. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants f, v are _.a. dental B. alveolar C. palatal D. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds p, b, t, d, k, g are _.a. affricates B. fricatives C. bilabial D. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct a. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morpheme a. able B. pet C. change D. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word discharged a. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only a. happiness B. television C. ecology D. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_.a. interchangeability B. productivity C. cultural transmission D. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates _.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of language C. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _ formula SNP VP.A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. verticalKey: B34 It is the _ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case Condition B. Case Parameter C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _ meaning.A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _.A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declarativesKey: A37. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _, and kin term.A. title+first name B. title+titleC. title alone D. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _.A. vocal thought B. subvocal thoughtC. covert thought D. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words kowtow and tea are loanwords from _.A. Chinese B. German C. Italian D. SpanishKey: A42. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _.A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. compoundingKey: A44. According to words structures, Latin is a typical _ language.A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between animal and lamb is labeled as _.A. gradability B. complementarityC. hyponymy D. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called_.A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The_ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performativeKey: A48. The _ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanin