语言学教程Chapter 8. Language in Use.ppt

Chapteightanguageinuse，2，3，1。definitionofpragmatics，thestud yoflanguageinuse . thestud yofmeaning context . thestudioyofspeakers meaning，utterance meaningtheycannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse . performative verbs : name，bet，etc .14，I do。inamethisshipqueenelizabeth . ibetyousixpenceitwinallrainmorrow . igiveandbequeather mywatchtomybrother . ipromisetfinishitintime . iaps(I)theremustbeareleventconventional procedure。(ii)therelevantprtcipantsandcircumstacesmustbeapproporiate . b . theproceduremustbexecutedcorrectlyandcompleted . c .版本选项)，17，minister : addressingthegroom(groom sname)，do you take(bride sname)foryourlawfulweddoomwill you love、honor、comfort、andcherishherfromthisdayforward、forsakingallothers、keepingonlyunherforaslongasyoubook，groom :i do。18，featuresofperformivesfirstpersonsingulars peechact verbs/performative verbs : thepresenttenseindcativemodactive evbs 3360donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformivethanri。28，Maximofrelation : be relative . maximofmanner : beper spicuous . avoidobscurityofexpression . avoid ambiguity . be brief . be of，29，cpsmeeanttodscribewhataloctualshappensconversion . peopletendtobecooperandobeycpine communication，30，however，how everB:买了东西。Id on twanttotellyouwhatibought。32，dear sir，mr.x scommandofenglish xcellent，andhisattendanceattutorilshabenregular . your SMR . xisnotsuitablefortsMother: oh，notatal ollwell . teachersaskemthinsthathathappenedbeforethepoorboywasten . hersonshouldnotbeblamed，34，A :donotaywhartyoubelievenbefalse。youarethecreamine mycoffee。xrunasfastaader。heismadeofiron。36，2。donotaythat forwhichyoulackadequateevice。a : beirutilsinperu，isn tit？B : andrromeisinromania，isuppose.it sridiculous，37，violationofthemaxims (relation)，Be relevant.a :朴：嗯，我累了。我要去书房休息一下。你叫他们送一碗浓点的普洱茶。39，violationofthemaxims (manner)，1。avoidobscurityofexpressiona : let sgetthekidssomething . b : ok，butivetoc-h-o-c-o-l-a-t，40，2。avoidambiaguitya : nameand title，please？B : John Smith，associateeditorandprofessor . cf :购买一个。，41，3。bebriefa : didyougetmyassignment？b : ireceivedtwopagesclippedwithhandcoveredwithhowsofblacksquiggles . not satisfied。42、charactersisticsofimplicure、Calul ability 3360 hearerrsworkoutilityurebasedonliteralmeaning、cpanditsmaxims、43，cancel lability/de feasibility 3360 ifthelinguisticorsituationcontextschanges，theimplicaturewilalsochange . a 33660b : coffeewouldkeepameak . idonotlikecoffee . b 3360 coffeewouldkeepamewake . iwanttostayup .44，non-detach ability : iiimplicaturesdonotvanishifthewordsofanutterenclosurechangedforsynonyms . a : shallwegoheckinematonight？b : there llbeanextamoorrow . I lltakeanextamoorrow . isn tthereanextamoorrow？45，non-conventional ity : implicatureisifferentfromitsconventionameaninggofwords . itis context-dependent . itvaries witeA2:王先生住院了吗？b:早上还在割草。A3:足球场上安装了新的门柱。46，5.PolitenessPrinciple，Grice scpdoesnotexaplainwhyspeakersoftenvolatecp . Geoffrey leech : professoreroflinguisuissB : well，we llallmissbill。(violations offinityymaxim)，48，self(自己)-refrstotheaddresseeorathirdperson，Presentornot。Benefit(惠)andthefirstmaximofquantityprinciplefquantity，orq-principle，86，Them-principle 3360 LevinsonAndthelessgeneral、themorespecfic、arelessminimal、more maximal.for example、shipimoregeneralthanferry和flowerthanrsethechoiceoftheformerinsteadofthelattrisaprorscoresstowardminimizations，88，the expression，or form，minimization issions，89，onlythesemanicrinimizationhasdtodayi-principle . theexpressionminimizations，in contr