新视野大学英语读写教程第三册u1-u3课文翻译

Love without limitationsMy brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, and two years later I was born. 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后我出生了。 Since then, my life revolved around my brothers. 从此以后我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 Accompanying my growing up was always go out and play and take your brother with you. 伴随我成长的是“到外面去玩把你哥哥也带上。” I couldnt go anywhere without him, so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house for some out-of-control kid-centered fun. 不带上他我是哪里也去不了的。因此我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put on a belt. 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 My father, a saint, simply held the house together with his patience and understanding. 我父亲宅心仁厚他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 I was in charge outside where I administered justice by tracking down the parents of the kids who picked on my brother, and telling on them. 我则负责外面的事找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母告他们的状为我哥哥讨回公道。My father and Jimmy were inseparable. 父亲和吉米形影不离。 They ate breakfast together and on weekdays drove off to the navy shipping center every morning where they both workedJimmy unloaded color-coded boxes. 他们一道吃早饭平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心他们都在那里工作吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 At night after dinner, they would talk and play games late into the evening. 晚饭后他们一道交谈玩游戏直到深夜。 They even whistled the same tunes. 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991, Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful disguise.所以父亲1991年因心脏病去世时吉米几乎崩溃了尽管他尽量不表现出来。 He was simply in disbelief. 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 Usually very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face. 通常他是一个令人愉快的人现在却一言不发无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world hed known was gone. 我雇了一个人和他住在一起开车送他去上班。然而不管我怎么努力地维持原状吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 One day I asked, You miss Dad, dont you? 有一天我问他“你是不是想念爸爸” His lips quivered and then he asked, What do you think, Margaret? He was my best friend. 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下然后问我“你怎么看玛格丽特他是我最好的朋友。” Our tears began to flow. 接着我俩都流下了眼泪My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. 六个月后母亲因肺癌去世剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 He didnt adjust to going to work without my father right away, so he came and lived with me in New York City for a while. 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里他好像适应得很好。 Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return. 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 Eventually, I was able to work it out. 此事最后做成了。 He has lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. 如今他在那里生活了11年在许多人的照料下同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 He has become essential to the neighborhood. 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. 如果你有邮件要收或有狗要遛他就是你所要的人。 My mother was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my ambitions. 当然母亲的话没错可以有一个家既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。 In fact, caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have. 事实上关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人更加丰富了我的生活其他任何东西都不能与之相比。 This hit home a few days after the September 11th disaster on Jimmys 57th birthday. 这一点在911灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米57岁生日。 I had a party for him in my home in New York, but none of our family could join us because travel was difficult and they were still reckoning with the sheer terror the disaster had brought. 我在纽约自己的家里为他举办生日宴会但是我们家的人都没能来参加因为交通困难而且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心有余悸。 I called on my faithful friends to help make it a merry and festive occasion, ignoring the fact that most of them were emotionally drained and exhausted. 我邀请了我的好友请他们来帮忙把宴会弄得热闹些增加点欢快气氛没去理会他们多数人在情感上都有些疲惫这一事实。 Instead of the customary No gifts, please, I shouted, Gifts! Please! 于是我一反常态没说“请不要带礼物”而是向他们喊“请带礼物来”。 My friendspeople Jimmy had come to know over the yearsbrought the ideal presents: country music CDs, a sweatshirt, one leather belt with J-I-M-M-Y on it, a knitted wool hat and a cowboy costume. 我的朋友吉米认识他们多年了带来了中意的礼物乡村音乐CD、一件长袖运动衫、一条有“吉米”字样的皮带、一顶编织的羊毛帽还有一套牛仔服。 The evening led up to the gifts and then the chocolate cake from his favorite bakery, and of course the ceremony wasnt complete without the singing. 那天晚上我们先是送礼物然后是切从他喜欢的面包店里买来的巧克力蛋糕当然还唱了“生日歌”否则宴会就不算完整了。A thousand times Jimmy asked, Is it time for the cake yet? 吉米一次次地问“该切蛋糕了吧” After dinner and the gifts Jimmy could no longer be restrained. 等用完餐和送完礼物后吉米再也控制不住了。 He anxiously waited for the candles to be lit and then blew them out with one long breath as we all sang Happy Birthday. 他焦急地等着点上蜡烛然后在我们“生日快乐”的歌声中一口长气吹灭了蜡烛。 Jimmy wasnt satisfied with our effort, though. 然而吉米对我们的努力还是感到不满足。 He jumped up on the chair and stood erect pointing both index fingers into the air to conduct us and yelled, One. more. time! 他纵身跳到椅子上直挺着身子双手食指朝天一边喊一边指挥我们唱歌“再来次” We sang with all of the energy left in our souls and when we were finished he put both his thumbs up and shouted, That was super! 我们全力以赴地唱。待我们唱完时他翘起两个拇指喊道“好极了” We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him. 本来我们想让他知道无论世上有多难的事情总是有人来关心他。 We ended up reminding ourselves instead. 现在反倒是提醒了我们自己。For Jimmy, the love with which we sang was a welcome bonus, but mostly he had just wanted to see everyone else happy again. 对于吉米来说我们唱歌时的爱心是他心中额外的礼物但是他原先更想看到的是别人再次感到快乐Just as my fathers death had changed Jimmys world overnight, September 11th changed our lives; the world wed known was gone. 有如父亲的去世一夜之间改变了吉米的世界911也改变了我们的生活我们熟悉的世界不复存在了。 But, as we sang for Jimmy and held each other tight afterward praying for peace around the world, we were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. 但是当我们为吉米唱歌相互紧拥祈祷全球和平时我们也意识到朋友、家人间永恒的爱和支持可以让我们克服生活中的任何困难。 The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising. 吉米以朴素的方式为我们协调了眼前的一切他做到这一点并不令人吃惊。 There had never been any limitations to what Jimmys love could accomplish. 吉米的爱可以征服一切这是任何东西都限制不了的。IRON AND THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISESports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. 运动医学专家经过多年的观察发现耐力运动员特别是女性经常会缺铁。 Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. 普渡大学研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明即使是适度的锻炼也可能会降低女性血液中的铁含量。 We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss, says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. “我们发现那些通常不运动的女性一旦开始适度的锻炼就会出现铁含量下降的迹象”普渡大学罗斯安妮M. 莱尔副教授说。 Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 她对62名妇女进行了研究并将研究结果发表在体育运动医学与科学杂志上。这些妇女原先不怎么运动后来开始了为期6个月、每周3次的锻炼。 Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back, she notes. 莱尔指出“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康状态。 But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels. 但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。” Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. 缺铁在女性中是很常见的每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁每五个18至45岁的女性中有一人缺铁。 But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. 而在积极锻炼的妇女中这一比例更高女耐力运动员中缺铁者比例则高达80%。 This means, Lyle says, that too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in. 莱尔说这意味着 “太多女性忽视了自己摄入的铁含量”。 Women of childbearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. 育龄女性危险最大因为月经是铁流失的重要原因之一。 many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. 此外许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉而这些肉中含有的铁最易被吸收。 And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency. 而且由于女性常常为了控制体重而节食从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物结果可能导致缺铁。 The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance of iron, notes another expert. 另一名专家指出“普通女性每天摄入的铁只是应摄入量的三分之二。” For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency, notes the expert. 他指出“对于那些已经缺铁的女性任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁质流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化。” Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. 运动可能通过多种机制导致铁流失。 Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. 有些铁随汗液流失。另外由于某些未知的原因高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内出血。 Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood. 运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动也可能会因为足部血管失血的现象而使铁质流失。 There are three stages of iron deficiency. 缺铁分为三个阶段 The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. 第一也即最常见的阶段是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。 Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. 到了缺铁的第二阶段就会出现疲倦和力不从心此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子将氧输至运动肌肉。 In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breathand exercise performance is severely compromised. 在第三即最后阶段人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气运动成绩大打折扣。 People think that if theyre not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but thats not true, says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. “人们认为只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。这种想法是不对的。” 帮助设计普渡大学研究的约翰L. 比尔德说。 Youre not in stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, youre in trouble. “只有当你的铁储量为零时你才会进入第三阶段。而你若坐等到这个时候你的麻烦就大了。” However, most people with low iron reserves dont know they have a deficiency, because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. 然而比尔德指出大多数铁质储量低的人并未意识到自己缺铁因为传统的检测血液中铁含量的方法检验血液中输送氧气的血蛋白的含量是不够的。 Instead, its important to check levels of a different compound, which indicate the amount of storage of iron in the blood. 其实有必要检查血液中另一种混合成分的含量它可以显示血液中的铁含量。 While active, childbearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, Men are not safe, especially if they dont eat meat and have a high level of physical activity. 他还指出虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有可能铁含量低“但男性也并非不缺铁尤其是在他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的情况下。” (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say its advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves. 估计有15%的男性长跑运动员铁含量低。比尔德和其他专家都说对这些人而言最好每年验一次血以测定血液中的铁含量。 If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. 如果铁含量低就要去看医生以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。 In general, its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. 一般说来解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物因为铁质补剂可能存在严重缺陷。“服用铁质补剂可能使人想呕吐有时甚至还会引起中毒。 The best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish. 最好的铁来源以及唯一最易为身体所吸收的铁来源是肉、鸡和鱼。 Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables. 其他较好的铁质来源包括枣、豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。” Select breads and cereals with the words iron-added on the label, writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. “选择那些标有加铁字样的面包和麦片” 运动营养专家南希克拉克写道 This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) to enhance the amount of iron absorbed. “这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素C的食物一起食用比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁或在三明治内夹上番茄可以促进铁质吸收。” Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process. 克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食因为烹调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。 The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times, she writes. And people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body. 她写道“在铁锅内烹煮了3个小时的番茄汁其铁含量大大提高增加到原来的30倍左右。” 她说铁含量可能低的人吃饭时应避免喝咖啡或饮茶因为这些饮料中所含的物质会妨碍身体对铁质的吸收。 Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices, sums up Purdues Lyle. “运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。”普渡大学的莱尔总结说 If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem. “如果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告信号你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁质的不足。” WHERE PRINCIPLES COME FIRSTThe Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows. 海德中学的办学宗旨是如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters. 该校的创始人约瑟夫高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市每年的学费高达1.8万美元因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。 We dont see ourselves as a school for a type of kid, says Malcolm Gauld, Josephs son, who graduated from Hyde and is now headmaster. “我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校”马尔科姆高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子毕业于海德中学现任海德中学校长。 We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of lifeby cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. “我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。” Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. 现在乔高尔德(约瑟夫高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。 The first Hyde public school program opened in September 1992. 海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。 Within months the program was suspended。 但几个月后该计划即告暂停。 Teachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense work. 教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。 This fall, the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore. 今年秋天海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。 Teachers will be trained to later work throughout the entire Baltimore system. 教师要接受培训以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。 Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too. 美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。 Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven, Connecticut, over parents protests. 去年秋天在家长的一片抗议声中海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。 The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students. 当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。 As in Maine, the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. 就像在缅因州那样求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。 In one English class, the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale. 在一堂英语课上11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论依照110的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。 I get a 10.“我得10分。” I challenge that. You didnt do either your grammar or your spelling homework. “我有意见。你既没做语法作业也没做拼写练习。” OK, a seven.“那好就7分吧。” You ought to get a six.“你只能得6分。” Wait, I put my best effort forth here.“等等我可是全力以赴的。” Yeah, but you didnt ask questions today.“是的可你今天没提问。” Explaining his approach to education, Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed. 在解释自己的教育方法时乔高尔德指出对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。 He notes no amount of change with the horse and carriage will produce an automobile. 他说“无论怎样改革”用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。 The Hyde School assumes every human being has a unique potential that is based on character, not intelligence or wealth. 海德中学认为“每一个人都有自己的独特潜能”这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。 良知和苦干受到推崇。 Conscience and hard work are valued. 良知和苦干受到推崇。 Success is measured by growth, not academic achievement. 成功由不断进步来衡量而不是由学习成绩来评定。 Students are required to take responsibility for each other. 学生必须相互负责。 To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools, Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values. 为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议高尔德解释说“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念 The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. 海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。 But all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and provide a community service. 但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育还要提供社区服务 For each course, students ge